Transcript Programming Human Rights in Development

A Global Greencard? Putting
Migration Back into Development
Malcolm Langford,
Director, Socio-Economic Rights Programme
Norwegian Centre for Human Rights
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Arguments For Open Borders
• Locational luck as basis for life?
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Migration as a right – (Rawls and Nozick)
Migration as a duty – (Rawls, Pogge and Sen)
Economic gains*
Historical justice
*Particularly to LICs for sending low-skilled/educated
citizens.
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Arguments for Closed Borders
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Sovereignty?
Other Rights at Stake– E.g. Self-Determination
Compatriotism – Special Obligations
Communitarianism – Protection of Ethno-National
Culture or Cultural Rate of Change
• Utilitarian
– Closed Borders better for Achieving Democracy and
Public Order
- Little impact on poverty and brain drain problem
• Social Welfare – Avoids Social Dumping
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Reflective Equilibrium?
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“Fairly open borders”
Open borders for some individuals not others
Open borders for some countries not others
Open borders at some times but not others
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A Proposal
• 2015: Include a goal/target of promoting free movement
of labour
• Target could be 10, 20 or 30 per cent of persons living in
income poverty being granted greencards between 2015
and 2030.
• Target would cover all middle-to-higher and higherincome countries – with some graduatrion for GDP PPP
• Greencards would give permanent residency rights and
path to citizenship except if serious crimes committed.
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Implementation
• Implementation could follow the model of the US
Diversity Visa (one of the ’Greencards’)
• Target would be monitored by World Bank, ILO and
IMO.
• IMO could provide international coordination for
scheme as is done with UNHCHR refugeess
• Countries could possibly buy out their migation
quota in a similar was as carbon emissions.
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Open your borders or open your wallets!
Veit Bader, Ethics of Immigration (2005)
Citizenship in Western liberal democracies
isthe modern equivalent of feudal privilege –
an inherited status that greatly enhance
one’s life chances.
Jospeh Carens, Aliens and Citizens (1987)
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