Transcript Slide 1

Introduction to
International Development
10th Dec 2010
Sacha Grodzinski
Chair, Engineers Without Borders UK
Overview:
1. Intro to development: What is development?
Who is involved?
How it be measured?
When did it develop?
Where does it happy?
2. Complexity of Development: Thinking about Impact
3. Advice:
Know Before you Go
In the ‘field’
On your return
1. Intro to development?
What is Development?
What is Development?
There is no universal definition, but most used
viewed as:
A holistic and multi-disciplinary approach to
Human Development – the development of
livelihoods and greater quality of life.
Anon
International Development vs.Relief
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Non- Emergency aid
Longer-term approach
Sustainable solutions
Oxfam’s One
Programme Approach
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Who is involved?
Who is involved?
GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS
Resource mobilisation
POWER
COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
Mechanism of exchange
INCENTIVES
VOLUNTARTY ORGANIZATIONS
Mobilise Social energy
VALUES
H. Cruickshank – Development
Engineering, Lecture 1 – ESD MPhil, 2009
When did it develop?
1960’s and 70’s
Kariba Dam, Zimbabwe
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1970’s and 80’s
Nomadic Turbine, Mongolian Steppe
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1990’s
UN Conference, New York
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How is it measured?
How is it measured?
• Neo-classical approach:
Adam Smith - An Inquiry into The Nature
and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 1776
• Gross Domestic Income (GDI) or Gross
Domestic Product (GDP)
– Defined as the market value of all final goods and
services produced within a country in a given period
of time
– Calculated as consumption + government spending +
gross investment + (imports - exports)
How is it measured?
Other indicators:
• Health (Infant mortality rates, life Expectancy…etc)
• Education (Primary education, literacy rate…etc)
• Employment..
Millennium Development Goals: