Transcript PPT - United Nations Statistics Division

The Implementation of Water Accounts in
in selected countries
Training Course on Water Accounting
Amman, Jordan
10-13 March 2008
Michael Vardon
United Nations Statistics Division
1
Over the past 2-3 years several
countries have begun to
implement SEEA Water
Botswana
China
Dominican Republic
India
Jordan
Guatemala
Namibia
New Zealand
Morocco
Mexico
South Africa
Tanzania
Turkey
Selected case studies
• Dominican Republic
• South Africa
• Jordan
Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic – Activities
• Hosted a regional workshop on water
accounting
• Have a developed project plan and
established a steering committee.
• Have agreed on the tables to be produced
and a modified structure of tables (but still
consistent with the standard tables)
• Have agreed on a timeline
Dominican Republic – Regional
Workshop
• Held 16-18 July in Santo Domingo
• 77 participants
• 13 countries and 3 international
organizations represented
• Agenda, presentations and conclusion on
UNSD website. See
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/default.asp
Workshop conclusions – 1
The workshop recognizes:
• The importance of supplying integrated environment, economic information to
support policy development and decision-making as well as for encouraging and
strengthening public confidence in policy development and decision-making;
• That the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water (SEEA Water)
is a powerful framework for organizing and providing integrated information on
water that is extremely useful for policy developers, decision-makers and the
public;
• That the implementation of SEEA Water depends on the availability and quality of
basic environmental and economic statistics from a range of sources and requires a
high level support within government;
• The need and importance of different parts of government, academia, industry, the
NGOs and civil society working together to produce, understand and use the
accounts from SEEA Water;
• That the production of the accounts of SEEA Water requires a multi-disciplinary
approach, strong collaboration between experts and shared responsibilities.
Workshop conclusions – 2
The workshop encourages countries to begin to implement SEEA
Water, keeping in mind the different priorities, strengths and
weaknesses of countries, by:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Developing an implementation plan for SEEA Water, which includes the development of
concrete projects with clear identification of the actors to be involved, the objectives, goals,
the necessary resources, the possible sources of funding and a timetable of activities and the
time frame to achieve the objectives and goal identified in the plan;
Devote and manage resources for the on-going production of the accounts of SEEA Water;
Making decision-makers and policy developers aware of SEEA Water and its usefulness;
Establishing appropriate institutional arrangements for the development of the accounts of
SEEA Water, respecting the roles and responsibilities of the different institutions involved
and the legal frameworks of each country;
Beginning pilot compilations of accounts using available data, starting with the tables of
greatest policy relevance;
Recording and sharing experiences of implementation of the SEEA Water, so that other
countries can see and benefit from the experience of others (e.g. south-south cooperation);
Participating in international and regional initiatives aimed at supporting environmental
accounting (e.g. internet discussion groups, workshops) taking into account regional and
sub-regional issues..
Workshop conclusions – 3
The workshop encourages international organizations and
the donor community to help build the capacity of
countries to implement SEEA Water by:
• Strengthening basic environmental, economic and social information and
statistics of countries;
• Seeking ways to have timely translation of documents into Spanish;
• Developing a practical manual for compiling the accounts of SEEA Water;
• Holding additional workshops to assist countries developing water accounts;
• Promoting the SEEA Water at the highest levels, including the Forum of
Ministers of the Environment of Latin America and the Caribbean and other
relevant regional and sub-regional fora;
• Seeking and providing resources for countries to implement SEEA Water;
• Coordinating the implementation of the SEEA Water with the activities of
capacity-building in the region.
Dominican Republic – Work Plan
for SEEAW implementation
Jul. 2007
• Regional Workshop
• Draft report on data availability is circulated for review
and comment
Aug. 2007
• Final report on data availability
• Final table structure, reference years and areas
• First meeting of project working group
Dec. 2007
• First draft of accounts circulated for review and comment
July 2008
• Pilot water accounts published
Dec. 2008
• Plan for on-going production of accounts finalized
Dominican Republic –
Institutions involved in water
account pilot project
• Central Bank
• Secretariat of State for Atmosphere and Natural
Resources (Environment Department)
• National Office of Statistics
• National Institute of Potable Water and Sewage System
• National Institute of Hydraulic Resources,
• National Office of Meteorology
• All corporations operating of aqueducts and sewage
systems of the country
• State Electrical Companies
Dominican Republic
– report on data availability
• “Diagnosis of the
availability and
quality of the existing
information on water
resources in
Dominican
Republic”
• 57 pages plus
annexes
Tabla de Contenido
1
Introducción ________________________________________________________________ 2
2
Antecedentes________________________________________________________________ 3
3
Metodología ________________________________________________________________ 4
3.1
Fase preparatoria _____________________________________________________________ 4
3.2 Revisión de documentos y entrevistas_________________________________________________ 4
Elaboración de informe de avance ________________________________________________ 5
3.3
Redacción del informe final _____________________________________________________ 5
4
3.2
5
Marco Legal del Acceso a la Información Ambiental _______________________________ 6
Información Existente sobre Disponibilidad de Agua _______________________________ 7
Aguas Superficiales ____________________________________________________________ 7
5.2
Aguas Subterráneas___________________________________________________________ 11
5.3
Embalses ____________________________________________________________________ 14
6
5.1
Volumen de Agua Consumida por Tipo de Uso ___________________________________ 16
Agua Potable ________________________________________________________________ 17
6.2
Corporación del Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Santiago____________________________ 22
6.3
Corporación del Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Puerto Plata (CORAAPLATA) ________ 22
6.4
Corporación del Acueducto y alcantarillado de Moca (CORAAMOCA) _______________ 23
6.5
Riego _______________________________________________________________________ 23
6.6
Otros Usos __________________________________________________________________ 25
7
6.1
Disponibilidad de informaciones sobre manejo de cuencas _________________________ 26
Superficie de las cuencas _______________________________________________________ 26
7.2
Superficie bajo cubierta forestal ________________________________________________ 27
7.3
Superficie bajo planes de manejo. _______________________________________________ 28
8
7.1
Inversión y Financiamiento sobre Agua_________________________________________ 34
Financiamiento para Instalación y Operación de Acueductos ________________________ 34
8.2
Mantenimiento de Presas y Canales de Riego______________________________________ 34
9
8.1
Situación de la Información sobre Calidad del Agua 1995-2005 _____________________ 36
9.1
9.2
Consideraciones generales _____________________________________________________ 36
Situación Actual de los sistemas de información sobre calidad de agua en las instituciones 45
10
Conclusiones y Recomendaciones____________________________________________ 52
11
Bibliografía consultada __________________________________________________ 56
12
Anexos _________________________________________________________________ 57
Dominican Republic – contents of
report on data availability
1.Introduction
2. Past work
3. Methods
4. Legal issues for access to information
5. Existing information on water availability
6. Volume of water consumed by industry
7. Data for River Basins
8. Existing financial information
9. Existing water quality information
10. Conclusions and recommendations
Dominican Republic –
conclusions from report on data
availability
• Abundant information exists on the water
resources in the different institutions
• Data is organized in different ways according
to different definitions, is often inaccessible
(e.g. in a paper file), sometimes obsolete (old) or
has short and incomplete time series
• Legal framework for data collection and
availability is not ideal
Dominican Republic
– Tables to be produced
• Physical supply-use
• Hybrid supply-use
• Asset account
• Tourism industries
separately identified
• For the 3 eastern
provinces only
Dominican Republic
– Physical flows table
Physical use table
Total
of which :
urbano
37Tratamiento
Total
Total
38,39, 4599
Turismo
55Hotel/accomo
dation
of which :
rural
Total
Total
of which :
hidroelec.
36 Distribucion de agua
Total
2-3
of which : Silvicultura
Ganaderia y Pesca
35- Electricidad
Rest of the world
5-9- Mineria
Rest of the world
Total
of which :
Operation of
irrigation
2,3
Households
1-Agricultura
Households
Industries (by ISIC categories)
10-33
Manufacturing
56- Food
U1 - Extraccion total (=a.1+a.2= b.1+b.2):
a.1- Extraccion propia (directa)
a.2- Extraccion para distribuccion
b.1- desde fuente de aguas:
Desde el
Medio
Ambiente
Agua superficiales
Agua subterranea
Agua del suelo
b.2- desde otras fuentes
Precipitacion
Mar
U2 - Uso de agua recibida desde ottras unidades
economicas
Dentro la
economia
..
of which : Potable
No potable
Agua reusada
Agua residuales al cantarelliato
U=U1+U2 - Uso del agua totale
Physical supply table
Industries (by ISIC categories)
1-Agricultura
Total
S1 - Distribucion de agua a otras actividades economicas
Dentro la
economia
of which : Potable
No potable
Agua reusada
Agua residuales al cantarelliato
S2 - Returnos totales(= d.1+d.2)
d.1- a los recoursos hydricos
Al medio
ambiente
Agua Superficiale
Agua subterranea
Agua del suelo
d.2- a otras recurso (Mar)
S - Distribucione totale de agua (= S1+S2)
Consumption (U - S)
of which :
Operation of
irrigation
5-9- Mineria
2-3
of which : Silvicultura
Ganaderia y Pesca
10-33
Manufacturing
35- Electricidad
Totale
of which :
hidroelect.
36 Distribucion de agua
Total
of which :
urbano
of which :
rural
37Tratamiento
38,39, 4599
Turismo
55Hotel/accomo
dation
56- Food
Dominican Republic
– Hybrid use table
Hybrid use table
Intermediate consumption of industries (by ISIC categories)
Total intermediate consumption and use (monetary units)
of which : Natural water (CPC 1800)
Sewerage services (CPC 941)
Total value added (monetary units)
Total use of water (physical units)
U1 - Total Abstraction
of which: a.1- Abstraction for own use
U2 - Use of water received from other economic
units
Total
of which :
Hydro
36
37
38,39,
45-99
Final
consumpti
on
expenditu
res
Total industry
Social
transfers
in kind
from
Governme
nt and
NPISHs
Total
Exports
2-33, 4143
Households
Capital formation
1
Actual final consumption
Government
35
Total uses at purchaser’s price
Physical and monetary units
Dominican Republic – flows to be measured
?
?
Tratamiento
de aguas residuales
ISIC 37
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Distribución
de agua
ISIC 36
?
?
?
?
Agricultura
ISIC 1
?
?
Silvicultura
y Pesca
ISIC 2-3
?
?
?
?
?
?
Mineria
ISIC 5-9
Industrias
ISIC 10-33
Electricidad
ISIC 35
?
?
?
?
Hoteles/ Otras
Turismo
ISIC 55 +
?
?
?
?
?
Medio ambiente
?
Todas las
demas
industrias
Residencias
?
?
?
?
?
?
South Africa
South Africa – Water Economy
In an advanced stage of development:
• High demand and competition for water
• Diminishing low-cost sources of additional supply
• Water quality problems
Resource and supply characteristics
• Low and erratic rainfall
• Limited groundwater resources
• Exhaustive development of available water
storage and transfer options
South Africa – Water Policy
Transforming legal access and rights to water
• Ensuring provision of water for basic human needs and
protection of aquatic ecosystems (Reserve)
• Decentralizing water management through more enabling
institutions
Adopting integrated water resources management (IWRM)
• Pricing for financial and environmental sustainability,
economic efficiency and social equity
• Refocus on water conservation and demand management
• The National Water Resource Strategy
South Africa – Applying SEEAW
• DWAF is the custodian hydrological data
• Statistics SA captures official economic data
• Disconnection between the DWAF hydrological
data and the Statistics SA economic data
• The SEEAW was applied to link the two data
sources
• DWAF data, Statistics SA data and the SEEAW
structure and method were adapted in to
accommodate unique South African requirements
for:
• Water flow accounts
• Water asset accounts
• 19 Water Management Areas (WMAs)
South Africa – 19 Water
Management Areas (WMA)
South Africa - Activity
• Pilot water accounts published in December 2005
• Hosted London Group Meeting in Pretoria, 26-30
March 2007
• Meeting had two sessions on the SEEAW
• http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/londongroup/meeting11.asp
• Establishing institutional structure for the ongoing production of water accounts
• Review of water accounts by UNSD
• Planning for possible regional workshop on water
accounting in southern Africa later this year
South Africa – Pilot Accounts
• Published December 2006,
prior to SEEAW finalization
in March 2007
• Available on web
http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/statsdownload.asp?PP
N=D0405&SCH=3804
South Africa –
Contents of pilot accounts
• 9 Chapter and 3 Appendices
• National physical supply-use tables
• Simplified physical supply-use tables for 19
regions
• Physical input-output table
• Physical stock (or asset) table
• Hybrid supply and use table
• Other economic indicators (Industry value added,
employment, water tariffs and subsidies)
South Africa – data issues
DWAF is the custodian of “water yield” (institutional
supply of raw water)
• DWAF excludes certain beneficial water uses from its
data e.g. dry land use
• DWAF classifies water use according to broad
categories of institutional and policy importance, and
not ISIC
• DWAF planning scale is the Water Management Area
(19 in SA) and not National Scale
• Comprehensive official data currently only available
for 2000 and 1995
Statistics SA
• Supply and use tables, and limited other water-relevant
data
• No WMA-scale economic data
South Africa – physical supplyuse tables
Production
784
784
1 144
1 144
261
261
326
234
238
784
1 144
261
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
676
0
0
62
63
129
415
554
0
62
63
129
415
554
0
0
0
0
0
Of which:
Desalinated
Reused
Waste water to sewage
DWAF (available total yield)
676
0
0
B1
0
676
A2
To distribution (bulk yield available)
U1
0
A1 B2
428
Irrigation boards
Water boards
Municipalities
ROW and other WMAs
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
From economic activities
Agriculture – irrigation
Agriculture – dryland crops (excl
forestry)
Agriculture – livestock and game
Agriculture – plantation forestry
Mining
Hydroelectric power
Other bulk: industrial
Other commercial and industrial
Domestic – urban
C1
Domestic – rural
215
C4
C3
C2
Hydroelectric power
Mine water
Total water use (U1 + U2)
291
Urban runoff
Losses in distribution (leakages, etc.)
ply of water (S1 + S2)
787
764
61
52 920
313
10 828
U2
To direct use by
Total abstraction
Abstraction for own use
Hydroelectric power
Mine water
Urban runoff
Other
Abstraction for distribution
from water resources
Atmosphere and sea (evaporation –
losses)
MAR (including storage)
Groundwater
Surface water (including reserve)
Soil water
Ecological reserve
Transfers in (ROW)
From other sources
Direct rain harvesting
Abstraction from sea
Use of water supplied by other
industries
Supplied by distribution sectors
DWAF
Irrigation boards
Water boards
Municipalities
Supplied by other sectors
Evapotranspiration
Losses – evaporation
Return flows
Effluent
Balance (surplus/deficit over current
use)
45 000
0
10 828
0
0
0
0
0
0
45 000
0
10 828
0
0
0
0
0
0
35
19
33
248
356
45
388
297
367
1 199
1 698
261
Electricity
Mining
Forestry
Livestock
and game
Dryland and
irrigation
Domestic – rural
10 400
Domestic – rural
238
238
Use table
Domestic – urban
234
234
Other commercial,
industrial,
institutional,
municipal
326
326
Other bulk:
industrial
10 828
10 828
Domestic – urban
Other commercial,
industrial,
institutional,
municipal
313
Other bulk:
industrial
7 244
45 000
Electricity
313
313
Mining
52 244
52 244
Forestry
Livestock and
game
Total water returned
To water sources
Atmosphere and sea (evaporation –
losses)
Evapotranspiration
MAR (including storage)
Groundwater
Surface water (including reserve)
Soil water
Ecological reserve
To other sources
Balance (to atmosphere or lower
reserve)
Supply of water to other economic
units
Production
Agriculture
From the environment
D2
D1
Supply table
Dryland and
irrigation
Agriculture
428
10 400
45 000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7 920
7 920
313
313
313
0
0
388
388
297
297
367
367
1 199
1 199
1 698
1 698
261
261
388
297
367
7 920
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 199
0
1 698
0
261
0
52 920
313
10 828
388
297
367
1 199
1 698
261
ATMOSPHERE
RAINFALL 611 600
Diagram of flows in South Africa
506 072
105 528
GROSS ANNUAL
RUNOFF
EVAPORATION &
DEEP SEEPAGE
GROUNDWATER
1 088
Atmosphere & Sea
55 400
29 683
TRANSPIRATION
DRYLAND
AGRICULTURE
49 040
NATURAL MEAN
ANNUAL RUNOFF
9 545
1 088
45 000
10 400
AGRICULTURE
DRY LAND
CROPS
19 785
AGRICULTURE
PLANTATIONS
SURFACE
WATER YIELD
428
10 828
52 920
ECOLOGICAL
RESERVE
9 545
764
7 920
9 812
186
676
ROW
170
DWAF
7 920
313
12 799
LIVESTOCK &
GAME
1 223
IRRIGATION
BOARDS
4 094
685
116
WATER
BOARDS
61
MUNICIPALITIES
3 042
1 223
4 381
3 158
388
297
MINING
HYDROELECTRIC
POWER
35
367
334
MANUFACTURING
701
19
62
63
126
245
865
1 959
TRADE &
SERVICES
DOMESTIC
Rural &
Urban
155
299
401
554
South Africa –
Adaptation of pilot accounts to the
SEEAW (by UNSD)
South Africa – Recommendations in report
To DWAF
• Align water accounting periods and timeframes with Statistics SA
• Align DWAF water sector definitions with the ISIC
• Explicitly include hydrological data on economically beneficial yieldimpacting water uses such as dry land use.
To Statistics SA
• Disaggregate economic data per water management area. This
information should assist DWAF in addressing allocation questions.
• Expand water supply economic data to correspond to institutional
supply
• The water quality account (2005) to be further developed, with
emphasis placed on the impact of emissions on water yield. The
monetary equivalent of this account should show the cost implications
of loss and restoration of water yield due to emissions.
• Consider options to gather economic data on ecological services.
• Within the above, many data gaps exist which require attention.
To the London Group
• Use this as an example of how the SEEAW can be adopted to a water
scarce country with unique policy requirements
South Africa – Where to now?
• Meeting with government agencies to establish a
strategy and mechanisms for the development and
institutionalization of water accounts in South
Africa. This will involve:
• Statistics South Africa
• Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
• Water Research Commission
• Recruiting of staff
Jordan
Jordan – Water issues
• Scarcity of renewable water resources
• Depletion of ground water
• High losses during distribution and weakness in
delivery
• Limited capacity of waste water treatment plants
• High population number and forced immigration
• Per capita water supply is around 145 m3/day in
2005 and expected to be 90 m3/year in 2025
Jordan – Water Resource
• 70% of the country receives less than 100 mm
• 90% of the country receives less than 200 mm 􀂾
• North western highland (2% of country) receives
around 300 mm
Water resources
• Surface water: Jordan rift Valley, Springs and
Floods
• Ground Water: Renewable and Non-Renewable
• Treated Waste Water
Jordan – current status of water
data, 1
Data available on :
• Surface, ground water and treated waste water
• Water supplied for municipal and industrial uses
• Detail information on water use by river basins
• Waste water treatment plants on design and
operation capacity
• Some aspects of water quality (e.g. the chemical
and physical analysis on drinking water)
Jordan – current status of water
data, 2
Data available on:
• water supply by source 􀂾
• Water used for production and waste water
generated by certain sectors depending on
specialized surveys
• Cost of water consumed as a commodity in some
sectors
• Cost of infra structure projects for water industry
Jordan
• The Department of Statistics began work on water
accounting in February 2007
• By June 2007 had data for a simplified physical
supply and use table and presented these at Expert
Group Meeting on Natural Resource Statistics,
held Cairo, Egypt.
• Tables were revised based on comments from
UNSD
• The Department of Statistics has now engaged
with the Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry
of Environment to develop a plan for the taking
the development of water accounts further
Jordan – Physical Water Supply and Use
Sewerage
ISIC 37
?
83
Water Supply
ISIC 36
?
296
22
166
857
?
Agriculture
ISIC 1
6
?
?
All
other industries
ISIC 2-99
?
?
ENVIRONMENT
Households
?
?
368
Jordan – Developing an
implementation plan for SEEA
Identification of
• resources available
• responsibilities of the different government agencies
• data sources and procedures for accessing data
• a review process prior to publishing & dissemination
A structure for coordinating the organizational units within the
Department of Statistics (especially if the development of
environmental accounts are a joint project of the National
Accounts Branch, Environment Statistics Unit, survey areas)
A mechanism for involving key stakeholders (e.g. government
agencies, research community, industry representatives, nongovernment organizations)
A timetable and milestones
Jordan – difficulties
• Lack of detailed data related to natural resources.
For example little or no data for:
• stock at the beginning and end of an accounting
period for the water asset account describe
• degradation and pollution of water resources
which is expensive
• valuation of water in agriculture
• Fear of under or over estimating of water
resources
• Need training on calculation methodologies
Lessons from countries beginning
to implement SEEAW – 1
• Some data usually exists in a range of
government departments
• Involving a range of government departments
in the development of the water accounts is
vital for identifying data and ensuring data
quality as well as the use and acceptance of the
accounts by government
• The SEEAW standard tables can be easily
expanded to show data of particular interest to
countries
Lessons from countries beginning
to implement SEEAW – 2
• The development of an implementation and
mechanism for coordinating the inputs of the various
government departments and other stakeholders is
important
• Pilot reports, for particular regions, or with a
simplified breakdown of industries, can be prepared
relatively quickly (6-12 months), depending on the
data availability and data quality and the resources
available for compilation.
• Pilot reports are useful for engaging government
decision-makers and policy developers
Main technical issues – 1
General
• Applying SEEAW at regional or river basin level
For the physical supply-use accounts
• Treatment of losses
• Measurement of return flows (i.e. from the
economy to the environment)
• Measure of flows from industries and households to
the Sewerage Industry (ISIC 37)
• Recording of water used for hydro-electric power
generation
• Measurement or estimation of use of soil water
Main technical issues – 2
For the emission accounts
• Measure of emissions from industries and
households to the Sewerage Industry (ISIC 37)
• Gross vs. net emission and the reallocation of
emission by the Sewerage Industry (ISIC) to other
industries and households
For the asset account
• Measurement of the opening and closing stocks of
water resources
Contact details
Michael Vardon
Adviser on Environmental-Economic Accounting
United Nations Statistics Division
New York 10017 USA
Room DC2 1532
Phone: +1 917 367 5391
Fax: +1 917 363 1374
Email: [email protected]