Transcript Make Poverty History:

November 16, 2010
Developmental State
Courtesy: http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/pol387/koreadev.ppt#256,1,Development in South Korea
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Park: 1961-79
year per capita GDP (US$) export (US$)
1962
87
56.7 million
1980
1,503
17,500.0 million
2001
8,918
150,440.0 million
 How
did this growth occur?
 Why did it not occur anywhere
else?
 Is this growth = development?
Kay:
 Relationship between agrarian and
industrial structure
 Nature of technological change
 Pattern of structural change
 Intersectoral resource flow
Is anything missing in this analysis?
Social forces
Land relations?
Industrial capitalism?
Forms of state
Democracy/dictatorship
“developmentalism”
World Orders
Hegemonic/non-hegemonic
Main views
 Export-led growth
 State interventionism
 Authoritarianism
 Colonial
educational system
 Japanese language and
culture
 Occupation of land
 Industrialization and
Modernization
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1948 August, Republic of Korea
established
1948 September, Democratic People’s
Republic of Korea established
 Premier: Kim Il-Sung
President Rhee Syngman (1948 - 60)
resigned amid popular protests
1961 military coup by Park Chung-Hee
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Land reform
Confiscate wealth
Envisioned a transformation from
merchant capitalism to industrial
capitalism
Established a bureaucracy and an
‘autonomous’ developmental state
What are land reforms?
 What are the differences between
land reforms in Latin America
and East Asia?
What is the author’s main
argument about land reforms?

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“squeeze” agriculture without
stifling growth
How? By curbing the power of the
landlords
In Latin America this was not
possible
Labour that was pushed out of land
did not get work
The ability of the state to define
its own goal (in most cases
modernization/state capitalism)
 The ability of the state to
implement this set of goals
despite opposition from
particular interest groups

The opposite of a “liberal” state, where
the state is not a direct participant in
the economy or society. It performs
certain minimal roles. Its goals
derive from the goals of the society.
A developmental state on the other
hand actively shapes society, social
relations and social goals.
Centerpiece is the bureaucracy which actively
adopted goals and strategies. It then allocates
resources and roles to different social classes to
fulfill these objectives. In this case rather than
the state reflecting demands of social classes,
social classes are shaped according to state
goals
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Autonomy
Coordination
Authoritarian political
structure
Weak social formations
Development of large corporate
empires
 Land reform
 Exports
 Import substitution
 Skill development
 High rates of labour absorption
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Samsung, Hyundai, LG, Daewoo
http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/bi
z/2010/09/291_65162.html
Family-controlled
Currently top 20 Groups have a combined sales
of $512 billion USD (GDP of entire Africa is
1100 Billion USD)
Alternative views:
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US role in the region as conditioned
by the Cold War (military aid)
State ‘disciplining’ of business
Exploitation: workers, women
Social control/authoritarianism
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Major student movement
Labour movement
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Think about the model in terms of the social
power approach