Transcript 34 The UK and International Development

THE UK AND AFRICA
How do we promote development?
This presentation looks at
DFID’s approach to aid
Examples of DFID’s work in African countries
Criticism of DFID
UK AID TO DEVELOPING NATIONS
Justine Greening is the Secretary of State for International Development.
DFID: AID works
EXAMPLE OF DFID AT WORK: MALAWI
Malawi is one of the poorest countries in the world……
Malawi
UK
Unemployment
N/A
6%
GDP per head
£118
£20.048
Doctors per 1,000 head of
population
0.02
2.3
Average Life Expectancy
50
79
Infants deaths per 1,000
births
120
6
Adult HIV/AIDS rate
14.1 %
0.6 %
PARTNERS IN DEVELOPMENT
DFID however does NOT work in isolation. Depending on the
specific situation, DFID will work with any number of
international government and non-governmental organisations.
DFID will work, for example, with the government of Malawi.
Malawi now has a more democratic government and DFID will
work alongside it to promote development.
DFID will partly fund UN agencies such as UNICEF and FAO,
and the work of the UN World Food Programme.
DFID will also happily work with NGOs on the ground in
countries, such as Christian Aid and Oxfam.
DFID also gives money to organisations such as the IMF or the
World Bank for their development programmes.
DFID in Malawi
SCOTLAND AND MALAWI
Scotland also has many development projects in Malawi. Scots were one of the first “explorers” in the country.
Working with the Scotland/ Malawi Partnership, pupils from Glasgow's Holyrood Secondary school raised a staggering
£70,000 to fund a visit to Malawi to re-furbish two schools in Blantyre, Malawi.
Sir Tom Hunter has set up a foundation to fund development in Malawi.
Health care in Malawi
EMERGENCY RELIEF TOO
Apart from it’s long term development work, DFID
has made a contribution to the 2011 East African
Famine.
DFID has delivered:
Ethiopia: Food aid for 1.36 million people facing
starvation, plus shelter, water and medical help for
100,000 people in the Dolo Ado refugee camps
Somalia: Help for 500,000 people including food
rations, treatment for malnourished children and
farming supplies to help people grow food
Kenya: Support for 300,000 people with treatment
for malnourished children and mothers. In addition,
we are helping 130,000 refugees in the Dadaab
refugee camp with safe water, food and basic
healthcare
THE MDGS
•Poverty & Hunger
•Child Mortality
•Gender
•HIV, AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
•Aid, trade, Growth & Global Partnership
•Maternal health
•Education
•Environment
In July 2012, the UN reported on progress made towards the goals as part of it’s annual audit.
The overall conclusions are that there is a “mixed picture” in development and action.
Other countries have to match the UK’s commitment if the ambitious targets set for 2015 are to be
met.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has called on world leaders to accelerate progress towards the
MDGs.
WHO GETS DFID’S MONEY?
DFID’s 14 priority countries are Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Sierra
Leone, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
The vast bulk of DFID’s money goes on reducing
poverty in Africa.
In 2007/08 DFID spent approximately £1.17 billion
on bilateral and regional programmes to reduce
poverty in Africa.
The Labour Government enshrined in law a commitment to raise UK aid spending to 0.7% of GDP by 2013, a pledge that
will involve the budget of DFID increasing by more than 10% a year.
NO MORE BLANK CHEQUES
In 2004, the UK established the Commission for Africa, which set out a
“New Deal” for Africa.
Debt relief would come. Better trade would come. More aid money
would come. But only if the UK could be sure the money would not be
wasted. Targets would have to be set. The aid money would be
rigorously monitored.
African Governments would have to become more democratic. They
would have to plan for becoming more independent and less dependent
in the long term.
The African Union (AU) which replaced the discredited Organisation of
African Unity (OAU) in 2002 is evidence of this. Its signature
organisation, New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) makes
explicit that fairer trade, more aid and debt relief will only come to Africa
if African governments can prove that they will not squander the money
or indulge in human rights abuses.
THE G8 IN 2005: MAKE POVERTY
HISTORY
The 2005 Gleneagles G8 summit was unusual in requiring leaders to sign up to a series of specific measures. The G8
promised to increase overall aid spending by $50 billion by 2010. It promised to make Aids treatment free, provide
universal access to free primary education and health care.
But keeping the commitments - and the funding needed for them - has been harder than making them. All G8 countries
have suffered from economic problems. But Germany and Italy have been most reluctant to meet their aid promises.
THE G8 IN 2011: MAKE POVERTY
HISTORY. BUT NOT JUST YET.
The G8 met in 2011 in Deauville in France, David Cameron criticised his fellow world leaders for not keeping their promises.
The Prime Minister renewed his commitment to raise UK aid to 0.75% of GDP by 2015.
.
CRITICISM AT HOME
David Cameron has faced criticism from
newspapers such as the Daily Mail which feels that
Britain spends too much on development aid.
The Prime Mister replied saying that spending on
vaccinations was the right thing to do. 0.7% of GDP
is not that much either.
He also claimed that it was in Britain’s best interests
to prevent countries becoming failed states. Quoting
Afghanistan, the Prime Minister said it would have
that would have been a better decision to have
spent money earlier on development, than the
massive amounts now on war.
David Cameron pledges £814m in development aid
2012 AID PLEDGE
Critics of UK Aid hope that the new
Minister for International Development,
Justine Greening, will be an aid-cutter.
Their hopes rest on the fact that the 0.7%
of GDP going to aid is a target, there has
been no government legislation to
enforce it.
0.7% costs each British taxpayer 2p a
day.