Transcript 사회경제적 요인과 아동권리보장 수준의 국가 간 비교

SPA Conference 2014
A Comparative Study on the Level of
Realizing Children’s Rights.
: A Focus on Rich Countries
Sunsuk Kim
Korea National University of Transportation
Background
 There are some difficulties in measuring
children’s rights.
 Some scholars raised the issue of the gaps
which exist between rights in theory and
rights in practice.
Conceptual Background
Economic
rights
 More focused on rich countries known as the OECD.
 Central to this paper are two ideas as follows
1-1. Construct CRI
1-2. Compare the realisation of children’s rights in rich
countries
2. Make clear the relationship of national economic status,
ratification of CRC and child subjective well-being with realising
children’s rights.
Constructing the Children’s Rights Index
Domain
HEALTH
(survival
/civil)
WELFARE
(protections
/ economic)
EDUCATION
(development
/social)
Indicator
Data source
Vaccination rates
(measles)
OECD (2007), Health at a Glance.
Low birth weight
OECD (2007), Health at a Glance.
Child maltreatment
WHO (2010), WHO Mortality Database.
Children in poor
homes
OECD Income Distribution database, developed for
OECD (2008b), Growing Unequal
Entry rates at the
tertiary level
OECD(2011), Education at a Glance.
Educational
deprivation
OECD Programme for International Student Assessment
database 2006 (OECD/PISA, 2008).
Method
 Make an index of child rights for health,
welfare and education
 Select 2-3 indicators in each section
 10 indicators
 10 Indicators -> Z-Score -> Mean ->
Conversion Scores (mean: 100, SD: 10)
The Score of CRI
Correlation with indicators
Public
Child
health
abuse
spending
Vaccination
Low birth
weight
Infant
mortality
Vaccination
1
-.006
.198
-.305
Low birth weight
-.006
1
.391*
-.220
Infant mortality
.198
.391*
1
Public health spending
-.305
-.220
-.541**
1
-.211
Child abuse
.153
.296
.483**
-.211
Child poverty
.109
.465*
.509**
-.391*
Family benefits
-.214
-.499**
-.343
.382*
Tertiary entry rate
.074
-.402*
-.220
.122
Deficiency of educational
environment
.156
.534**
.817**
Public education
expenditure
-.421*
-.468*
-.211
Public
Tertiary
education
educational
entry rate
expendienvironture
ment
Child
poverty
Family
benefits
.153
.109
-.214
.296
.465* -.499** -.402* .534** -.468*
-.541** .483** .509**
.074
.156
-.421*
-.343
-.220
.817**
-.391*
.382*
.122
-.577** .403*
1
.309
-.414*
.123
.389*
-.079
.309
1
-.589**
-.147
.505**
-.342
1
.117
-.378* .564**
.117
1
-.290
.385*
-.290
1
-.222
.385*
-.222
1
-.414* -.589**
.123
-.577** .389*
.403*
Deficiency
of
-.079
-.147
.505** -.378*
-.342
.564**
-.211
National economic status and CRI
- Relationship between GDP per capita(2005) and CRI
National economic status and CRI
- Relationship between economic inequality and CRI
Treaties Ratified and CRI
- Ratification of CRC
Treaties Ratified and CRI
- Ratification of HCCP
SWB and CRI
Discussion
 At the bottom of the countries in CRI have some unique
patterns.
- These countries show rather low points in welfare domain.
- A higher score in welfare domain tends to correlate with a
higher rank in CRI in 10 of top countries.
 Most countries show similar scores in each domain(present
state, coverage, and government expenditure).
 The data related to the economic condition such as GDP and
GINI, suggest that economic inequality is more related to
CRI than the economic situation itself within countries.
Discussion
 Not find a positive relationship between
CRI and the treaty ratification of CRC
- a positive tendency in the ratification of HCCP.
 Generally, higher level of CRI tends to
equate to a higher level of SWE.
- But there is a contradiction in some countries.
Limitation of the study
 Limited domain of child rights
 In spite of the willingness and freedom of children, we
regards child rights as guard not children themselves but
adults.
 The limitation of making index for child rights.
Thank You ~