Transcript Slayt 1

MUGLA UNIVERSITY
KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
AND HIGHER EDUCATION
Şener Oktik
Rector
MUGLA UNIVERSITY
480000 MUGLA TURKEY
[email protected]
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the 1995 Green Paper on Innovation
Innovation is at the heart of the EU economic policy objectives.
This process culminated in the strategic goal set by the Lisbon
European Council in March 2000, that
“the European Union (EU) should become the most competitive
and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of
sustaining economic growth with more and better jobs and
greater social cohesion by the year 2010”
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“Knowledge Economy”
There is no commonly accepted definition!!
Generally four essential and correlated points for “knowledge
economy” are given*;
1- knowledge is becoming increasinly important input of all
processes.
2- the trade volumes of knowledge based products are growing.
3- reliance on codified knowledge is becoming a competitive
base for organizations.
4- knowledge economy is becoming highly dependent on
technological changes in ICT
*K. Smith, "What is the 'Knowledge Economy'? Knowledge Intensity and Distributed Knowedge Bases",
Discussion
Paper Series, The
United NationsON
University,
2002, p.8TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
1st
INTERNATIONAL
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22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA
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The Four Pillars of The Knowledge Economy
1-Education & Training
Creating a society of skilled, flexible and creative people,
with opportunities for quality education and life-long
learning available to all, and a flexible and appropriate mix
of public and private funding
An educated and skilled population ;
to create, share and use
knowledge.
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The Four Pillars of The Knowledge Economy
2-Information Infrastructure
In order to foster a variety of efficient and competitive
information and communications services together with
tools available to all sectors of society;
a dynamic information infrastructure
a competitive and innovative
information sector of the economy,
KEFV on “Innovation and Technology Absorption for Growth”, Prague, Czech Republic on March 28-30, 2006.
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The Four Pillars of The Knowledge Economy
2-Information Infrastructure
cont..
"high-end" information and communication technologies (ICTs)
the Internet and mobile telephony …
other elements of an information-rich society;
radio, television and other media, computers and other devices for storing, processing
and using information, and a range of communication services …
.
KEFV on “Innovation and Technology Absorption for Growth”, Prague, Czech Republic on March 28-30, 2006.
A dynamic information infrastructure;
to facilitate the effective communication,
dissemination and processing of information.
To create new knowledge.
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The Four Pillars of The Knowledge Economy
3-Economic Incentive & Institutional Regime
Creating an appropriate economic incentive and institutional
regime that encourages the widespread and efficient use of local
and global knowledge in all sectors of the economy, that fosters
entrepreneurship, and that permits and supports the economic
and social transformations by the knowledge revolution.
KEFV on “Innovation and Technology Absorption for Growth”, Prague, Czech Republic on March 28-30, 2006.
A regulatory and economic environment ;
for free flow of knowledge,
to support investment in ICT
to encourage entrepreneurship
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The Four Pillars of The Knowledge Economy
4-Innovation Systems
Creating an efficient innovation system comprising firms, science
and research centers, universities, think tanks and other
organizations that can tap into and contribute to the growing stock
of global knowledge, adapt it to local needs, and use it to create
new products, services, and ways of doing business.
KEFV on “Innovation and Technology Absorption for Growth”, Prague, Czech Republic on March 28-30, 2006.
A network of research centers, universities,
think tanks, private enterprises and community groups ;
to tap into the growing stock of global knowledge,
assimilate and adapt it to local needs
to create new knowledge
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The terms;
“Innovation“ and “Knowledge Economy“
somewhat ambiguous !!!
the definition proposed by the OECD,in its "Frascati Manual",
•Knowledge has always been the main contributor of
innovation.
•The economics of innovation has focused on
• Learning,
• technology
• research.
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“Building Knowledge Economies”
the transformation of an ideas into:
• marketable products or services,
• a new or improved manufacturing or
distribution process,
• or a new method of social service
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Designing and implementing a coherent and sustained
response to these challenges,
the higher education in every activity ought to aim:
global competition and global market,
Thus the entire higher education system are facing
totally new tasks to be able to be competitive and successful
in the changing world
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Universities need very simple law defining the frame work!
This would allow a good amount of autonomy
For the countries sucessful in this
The old academic disciplines are breaking down, and
new ones created, often around some common major
problems in the society or in the industry. The overall
environment of the HEI’s is becoming even more dynamic.
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To be able to compete globally,
the universities now need
,
more autonomy
Academically, financially and in administration
,
To built strong;
•Scientist-to-Scientist Partnerships
•Scientist-to-Business Partnerships
•Entrepreneurship Training
•Infrastructure Support
•Institution Building
• grants and project services
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In countries all over the world universities are undergoing a
process of restructuring, partly in response to the new degree
structure following the Bologna process, but also to
be able to meet better the new external demands,
e.g. concerning multidisciplinarity in both teaching
and research.
The new situation is also a serious challenge for the
leadership and management of the universities,
towards promoting a long-term strategy, strengthening
societal interactions, especially with industry,
enhancing technology transfer, and promoting
internationalisation, etc.
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However,
Developing countries
and countries in transition
(the EU accession countries)
suffer from:
• limited resources,
•weak institutional capacity,
• centrally-controlled economic development.
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If the opportunities created by
the emergence of a global knowledge economy
are not responded correctly and in time
the gap likely to increase between countries
•putting new chalenges on the top of the priority list
and
•ignoring the chalenges of “the new brave world”
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A recipe for
a knowledge based and innovation driven
economy?
Higher Education + R&D
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Core Elements
in the building of knowledge based innovation society
are
Higher Education Institutes
(new requirements for their strategies, functions and even structures)
.
key players in national innovation policies
are
firms and companies
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The focus must be increased on
and development,
learning, knowledge, research
together with
promoting cooperation between the goverments, universities and
industry.
A business climate that provides incentives for entrepreneurship,
risk-taking and investments is critical
Countries must embrace globalization, develop capable and
independent institutions and promote local development.
Sub-national regions also need to develop and implement
knowledge economy strategies and institutions
.
Efforts must go to practical implementation, not to master plans.
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Innovation
Support
Basic R&D in
Cooperation
Technologica
l Services
Technology
Transfer
Industrial
R&D
Applied
R&D
Identification and
development of specific
technologies, linked to
future business oportunities
“Getting together business needs and
scientific-technological knowledge generation”
Bruno Broseta , PhD “Technology Absorption” Inovation and Technology Absorption for
Growth Knowledge Economy Forum VPrague, March 28-30, 2006.
MUGLA UNIVERSITY
Ireland has become in the last two decades one of the most dynamic
knowledge-basedeconomies in Europe.
Its GDP per capita has risen in 15 years from less than 60% of the EU
average to slightly better than the EU average in 2002, overtaking its
neighbor the United Kingdom.
Its real growth rate has averaged 6.5% over the past decade, during
which it created 4 times as many net jobs as the UK.
It has become a high-technology powerhouse within Europe, and the
largest exporter of software in the region.
There is broad consensus that two factors in particular fueled Irish growth:
education and foreign direct investment, the former being a precondition
for the latter.
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Beginning in the 60s and increasingly in the 70s,
successive Irish governments made a major commitment to
expanding educational opportunities,
• by extending free secondary education to all
•by an increased effort to upgrade tertiary and technical education.
The Irish placed particular emphasis on expanding and improving
their network of Regional Technical Colleges,
This sustained but well-targeted investment in education lay
the groundwork for, foreign direct investment by technology
companies,
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Building the Human Capital of the Knowledge Economy:
It is well recognized that:
the urgent need to reform their education systems and enable life-long learning.
But implementation of these reforms is still uneven.
Priorities include:
• Decentralizing initiative, responsibility and accountability for education at all levels, and creating
opportunities and incentives for private sector investment and innovation in education;
• Focusing government intervention on key issues of quality, relevance, impact, and access for all,
rather than micromanaging curricula, organizational design, and administration of educational
institutions;
• Flexibly integrating formal, vocational, adult and distance education and training to provide a
greater range of opportunities for life-long learning, and creating policy and regulatory
frameworks, including certification schemes, that make lifelong learning opportunities attractive
and easy for individuals to pursue.
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Model for Academic Excellence
Up-to-date
Content
International
Excellent
Linkages
Staff
Good
Students
State-of-the-Art
Facilities

Graduates
Industry,
Policy Makers
& Community
Feedback and
Quality Control
p.11
MUGLA UNIVERSITY
The innovation policy of Turkey is largely coherent with the objectives set in
the 2000 European Commission Communication on Innovation
The essential policy document focusing on Turkish innovation policy (the
Science and Technology Policy of Turkey, 1997) covers immediate
arrangements and preparations for establishment of the National Innovation
System.
The main objective of the innovation policy is to establish a national
innovation system with all elements as a network.
On-going and systematic monitoring and evaluation activity for major
Government funded innovation support schemes started in 1999.
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As a part of this support schemes, the Technological Development Zones (TDZ)
Law was enacted in 2000.
The law, discussed in Section-II, promotes the establishment of science and
technology parks under the guidance and lead of universities.
Since year 2000, twelve TDZ have been established in four cities of Turkey,
becoming a significant player of Turkish innovation and research policy.
With this framework, TDZ mainly influence the supply side of knowledge economy.
Most of the companies operate in TDZ are dealing with ICT products and services.
Almost ninety percent of these companies are high technology based SMEs.
Their interactions with universities yield knowledge based new activities from the
changes of curriculums to patents and different ways of university-industry and
interindustry collaborations.
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Public Funded RTDI Support Programs
Technoparks : Technology Development Zones Law passed in 2001
Tax exemptions for R&D activities,
VAT exemption for services and products created in the zones,
Laxed regulations on academic staff participating commercial private activity.
22 approved, 10 operational with 349 firms. Around 5,000 R&D FTE staff employed.
TEKMER Incubator Program : Government owned and operated incubator program
13 TEKMERs, 14 DTIs operational with 149 current tenants. TEKMERs graduated 197
firms so far.
USAM – University Industry Joint Research Centers : TÜBİTAK funded private operated
centers for shared contract research using the university research capacity.
Project Supports to Private Companies :
TÜBİTAK – Grants to industrial research projects
TTGV - Matching fund soft-loans to technology development projects
Finance for R&D investments : Capital investments credit at market rates.
Other indirect supports (such as R&D tax discounts etc.) : Tax deduction for up to 40%
of annual R&D costs.
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The universities in Turkey recognize a need to move from pure
basic reserach toward the applied research and technology
development leading to innovation.
In collaboration with the companies and researchers the
TurkishUniversities is adapting educational system with regard to
knowledge economy environment. Curriculums are being modified
in accordance with the requirements of the companies.
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In 2004 Supreme Council for Science and Technology (BTYK)
adopted national R&D targets for 2010
Total R&D expenses to reach 2% of the GDP (current
level is 0,67%)
Half to be provided by the private sector (current level
is 30%)
FTE R&D staff to reach 40,000 (Currently estimated to
be ~30,000)
Extra budget allocation had started in 2005, to be increased
annually.
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22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA
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A lot to say yet but…
In summary
Universities have new sets of tasks those
differ from their traditional tasks.
They are becoming more and more accountable to the society
and to the people they serve.
A closer link is needed to the demand of the labour market.
The spectrum of activities the universities are engaged has
widened, outside the traditional teaching and research.
There is more pressure towards a applied research-based
university in contrast to the mostly teaching institutions
in the past.
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THANK YOU…
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1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
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1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
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1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
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1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
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1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
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1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
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