Transcript Document

Social Policy In Turkey
Demographics
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Population: 77,804,122 (2010)
Age structure:
-0-14 years: 26.6% (10,707,793/ Male and 10,226,999/Female)
-15-64 years: 67.1% (male 26,741,332/female 26,162,757)
-65 years and over: 6.3% (male 2,259,422/female 2,687,245)
Population growth rate: 1.235% (2011 est.)
Year
Population
growth rate
Rank
Percent
Change
Date of
Information
2008
1.01
126
2009
1.31
102
29.70 %
2009 est.
2010
1.27
97
-3.05 %
2010 est.
2011
1.24
96
-2.36 %
2011 est.
2008 est.
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Birth rate:
-17.93 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Death rate:
-6.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
Mortality rate
-Total: 23.94 deaths/1,000 live births
-Male: 25 deaths/1,000 live births
-Female: 22.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
-Total Population: 72.5 years
-Male: 70.61 years
-Female: 74.49 years (2011 est.)
Ethnic groups
-Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 18%, other minorities 7-12% (2008 est.)
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Religions
-Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians, Jews)
Urban population:
-70% of total population (2010)
Net migration rate:
-0.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Literacy
-Total population: 87.4%
-Male: 95.3%
-Female: 79.6% (2004 est.)
GDP
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
$958.3 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 17
$893.1 billion (2009 est.)
$937.1 billion (2008 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$12,300 (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 8.8%
industry: 25.7%
services: 65.5% (2010 est.)
Labor force:
24.73 million
country comparison to the world: 24
Unemployment rate:
12.4% (2010 est.)
Social Security
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The social security system in Turkey is composed of three different major
organizations;
Social Insurance Institution (SSK)
Pension Fund for Civil Servants (Emekli Sandığı)
Social Security Institution for the Self-employed (Bağ-Kur)
Social Security Schemes
– Old Age,
– Invalidity,
– Survivorship,
– Work Accident and occupational diseases,
– Health Care,
– Unemployment (Executed by Iskur),
– Non-contributory payments
Premium Rates
INSURANCE
BRANCHES
Employed
Employer
TOTAL
Government
Invalidity, old age,
survivorship
9%
11%
20%
Short Term Insurance
Branches
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1% -6,5 %
1% -6,5%
Universal Health Insurance
5%
7,50%
12,50%
Gov.
Contribution in
the amount of
1/4* Total
contributions
actually
collected
annually.
Unemployment
1%
2%
3%
1%
TOTAL
14%
%19,5 - %25
33,5% - 39%
(employment injuries, occupational
diseases, sickness, maternity)
Old Age
Scope
Employed, self employed, civil servants
Conditions
Age : 65
(gradually increasing from 58 for woman
and 60 for man as of 2036)
Contribution period : contributory period of
9000 days for civil servants and self
employed; 7200 days for workers
Benefits
Old age pension, lump sum payment
Special conditions for entitlement to old age pension (I)
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Workers who had already lost 60% of their working capacity before they started
working (who were invalid at the date they began working) are entitled to receive old
age pension if they have completed
15 years of insured work and payed invalidity, old age and survivors insurance
premiums for 3960 days.
50 % to 59 % of their working capacity before they started working (who were
invalid at the date they began working) are entitled to receive old age pension if they
have completed 16 years of insured work and payed invalidity, old age and survivors
insurance premiums for 4320 days.
40% to 49% of their working capacity before they started working (who were invalid
at the date they began working) are entitled to receive old age pension if they have
completed 18 years of insured work and payed invalidity, old age and survivors
insurance premiums for 4680 days.
Special conditions for entitlement to old age pension (II)
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The age limit for mine workers, working regularly or alternately in mines registered by
the Ministry for minimum 20 years, is 55 years of age. Mine workers must complete
minimum 7200 premium days.
Those who have completed 55 years of age and are medically determined to be
permaturely aged are entitled to receive old age pension in case they fulfill the other
requirements.
Total working periods of female workers who have a disabled child are increased by
0,25. Also, this period is deducted from the age limit.
Invalidity
Scope
Employed, self employed, civil servants
Conditions
minimum 60% loss of working capacity or
earning capacity after entry into the
insurance system.
Contribution period: Minimum 10 years of
insured employment and 1800 premimum
days.
10 years of insured employment is not
sought for those who need constant care by
others.
For the self employed, no premium debts
including UHI premiums
Benefits
Invalidity pension
Survivorship
Personal Scope
Conditions
Turkish citizens residing in Turkey,
Persons employed in Turkey and transferred to abroad for
business and their dependants,
Refugees and stateless persons,
Foreigners residing in Turkey and not covered by insurance
according to the Legislation of another country
Contribution: Minimum 30 contributory period of days the scheme
in preceding year and not having contribution related dept to the
Institution in preceding 60 days
Exemptions From Conditions:
Children under 18
Delivery of urgent health services
Treatment of communicable diseases
Work Accidents and occupational diseases
Protective health services to prevent addiction to harmful
substances (such as smoking etc.)
Maternity
The persons in the need of medical care from another person
In case of disaster, war and lock – out
Unemployment benefits in Turkey
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Legally employed workers are eligible for unemployment benefits in Turkey. These
include foreign workers, so long as they have been working and living in Turkey
legally and are at least 18 years old.
Contributions to unemployment funds are 1 % of employees´ earnings and 2 % of
their employers´ payrolls. A worker is eligible to receive benefits after 600 days of
contributions in the preceding 3 years of employment.
The minimum benefit payment is 50 % of a worker´s average daily earnings
(calculated from the 4 months prior to unemployment), and cannot be higher than
minimum wage for that worker´s industry. Benefits may be paid for up to 1,080 days,
depending on the unemployed person´s number of contributions.
Disability benefits
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Turkish social security provides for both temporary and permanent disability benefits
for those who are injured at work. This coverage extends to all full-time employees,
and does not require a minimum qualifying period. Contributions to the system are
paid entirely by employers, who pay between 1.5 % and 7 % of the value of their
payrolls. Exact contributions are based on the risk of injury – corporate firms
contribute less than industrial contractors.
Temporary benefits are paid in the amount of either 2/3 or ½ (if hospitalization was
required) of an employee´s daily earnings.
Permanent disability benefits are calculated from the estimated “loss of working
capacity“ (this is determined by the Social Insurance Institution based on the injury).
For partial disability, if this “loss of working capacity“ is between 10 and 25 %,
benefits may be paid as a lump sum.
Survivors of workers killed on the job are awarded a pension roughly 35 % of the
deceased employee´s minimum monthly earnings, in addition to a lump sum to cover
funeral costs.
Eligible survivors include: a spouse, children under 18 (20 if in pre-university, 25 if in
university), a disabled son older than 18, an unmarried (divorced, widowed etc.)
daughter of any age who is not receiving social security benefits of her own, and
dependent parents.
Maternity benefits
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Pregnant women are eligible to receive 2/3 of their average daily earnings for 8
weeks preceding and following childbirth. In addition, they are eligible for lump-sum
pregnancy, childbirth and nursing benefits.