Ethiopia - Mediapolis Community School
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Transcript Ethiopia - Mediapolis Community School
ETHIOPIA---SNAPSHOT
GEOGRAPHY
General Geographic Features
27th
largest country in the world
Landlocked: No direct access to oceans
Regional Differences
Deserts
in the East
Tropical Rainforest in South
Highlands in North and South West
Most cities are located over 1,000 KM above sea level
GEOGRAPHY
Ethiopia’s Population
Over
93 million people live in Ethiopia
Largest Cities
Addis
Ababa (National Capital): 3,040,740
Dire Dawa: 273, 601
Mek’ele: 271,562
Adama: 262, 884
Gondar: 262,884
GEOGRAPHY
Main Geographical Features
Ethiopian
Highlands
Great Rift Valley (Cuts the Highlands in ½)
Lake Tana (Source of the Blue Nile)
Mount Entonto
Wildlife
Climate
and elevation have allowed for the creation of
many species of animals that are unique to Ethiopia.
Ethiopia is home to 856 different species of birds!
HISTORY
Ancient History
Scientist
believe that some of the earliest records of human
life occurred within present day Ethiopia
Aksum: One of the most powerful empires in the world during
the 3rd and 4th Century (200-300 AD)
No African Scramble for Ethiopia!!
Menelik II (1889-1913) Emperor
Created
present day boundaries for Ethiopia (Independence)
Resisted Italian forces in 1896
Created Addis Ababa
Haile Selassie I (1930-1974)
Time
Magazines Man of Year in 1935
Teamed w/ GB to remove Italy for good in 1941 (part of WWII)
Ruled until the people of Ethiopia got rid of him because of the
World Oil Shortage in 1973-1974
HISTORY
Communist Ethiopia
Mengistu
Hailemariam: Leader of the Derg Party
500,000 Ethiopians were killed by the Derg Party
End of Communist Party in Ethiopia
Drought:
Killed more than 1 million people during the
1980s….led to mass protest of communist government by
Ethiopians.
1991: USSR (Gorbachev) decided to cut aid to Ethiopia and
other communist countries (Glasnost)
Deng Party was overthrow…Mengistu found guilty of
genocide in 2006
Modern History
Ethiopian
People Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF)
gained control of country by 1994.
MODERN GOVERNMENT
Government Structure: Federal Parliamentary
Republic
Executive
Branch: Headed by Prime Minister
Legislative Branch: Controlled by 2 Chambers and Prime
Minister
Judicial Branch: Separate from government
Reality
Ethiopia’s
government is a authoritarian (one party in control)
Multiple Elections have been rigged in 2000, 2005, and 2010
Modern Leaders
Meles
Zenawi (1994-2012)
Prime Minister
Hailemariam
Desalegn (2012-pres)
New Prime Minister
CULTURE
Ethnic Diversity
Over
80 different ethnic groups live in Ethiopia
Ethiopia is divided into 9 ethnically based states
Oromo and Amhara are the two largest groups
Religious Diversity
Christianity
(62%) and Islam (33%) are the two largest
religions in Ethiopia
Spiritual Homeland for Rastafarian Movement: Bob
Marley and Reggae Music
CULTURE
Economics
Ethiopia’s GDP is 41.9 billion dollars (value of goods and services)
During the mid 2000’s Ethiopia was one of the fastest growing
economies in the world.
Today the GDP per capita is still very low
Agriculture
Makes up 40% of Ethiopia’s GDP and 80% of all Ethiopian exports
Main Crops: Coffee, beans, oilseed, cereal, potatoes
Stats: #1 in African Coffee Exports and #10 in worldwide livestock
exports
Education
Literacy Rate is around 30% (pretty good for Africa)
6 years elementary school, 6 years of secondary
CULTURE
Poverty
Both
urban and rural areas have issues with poverty
80% of urban water is clean while only 11% of rural water is
clean.
Around 20% of Ethiopia’s population live on less than 1 dollar
a day.
75% of rural Ethiopians share sleeping quarters with livestock
50% of urban residents live in poorly constructed slums
Conclusion
Life
is difficult for urban and rural living Ethiopians
More and more Ethiopians move to cities each year
CULTURE
Food
WAT:
Thick meat stews
Flatbreads are used as utensils….scoop up food, eat with hands.
Very little pork and/or shellfish due to religious beliefs
Sports
Long
Distance Running is the most popular sport…multiple
world record holders and gold medalist
Soccer is the 2nd most popular sport. Ethiopia just missed
qualifiying for the 2014 FIFA World Cup
Miscellaneous Culture Oddities
Freedom
of Speech is limited
Marriage by Abduction is a popular practice in rural areas
Medical care is somewhat lacking…only 2.6 doctors for every
100,000 people
FAMOUS ETHIOPIANS
Haile Gebrselassic
1996 and 2000 Gold Medalist in 10,000
27 world records during his career
Kenenisa Bakele
2004 and 2008 Gold Medalist in 10,000 and 5,000
Just won the 2014 Paris Marathon
Sheikh Mohammed Hussein Ali Al Amoudi
Worth 12.3 billion dollars, richest man in Ethiopia
Made money in oil, construction, and real estate
Marcus Samuelsson
Celebrity Chef
Hibret Fekadu
Ethiopian Model
CURRENT EVENTS AND ISSUES
Modern Issues
Voter
Fraud in 2010
Back to back years of little rain (2010, 2011)
200 people died in government protests in 2005
Deforestation: Ethiopia’s forests are getting smaller at an
alarming rate
AIDS and Women’s Health concerns
Current Events
Debates
about Nile River Dam with Egypt
Anti-Gay Protests in Addis Ababa
Ethiopian dominance in international running events