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Agenda Item 6
Japan’s proposals to EMM 2014 in Beijing
May 2014
Shinichi Kihara
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan
Proposal 1: Study Project on Energy and Competitiveness in APEC
< Background >
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APEC is comprised of member economies that have some of the largest economies or
energy consumption in the world. Other emerging member economies, including those in
Southeast Asia, are also expected to become major energy demand centres in the long-term.
As such, APEC region sees steep rise in energy demand and consequently the correlation
between economics and energy is becoming stronger.
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Furthermore, historically high level of crude oil prices and the Asian LNG price are becoming
important political agenda items for some economies in recent years.
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These facts indicate that it is now critical for APEC economies to address energycompetitiveness issues for their sound and sustainable economic development, while paying
due consideration to other important energy related challenges such as energy security and
environment protection.
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It is important to note that energy will influence competitiveness through the following
“channels”, which are all “economic matters” as well.
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End-user prices
• International prices, taxes and subsidies, domestic margins, etc.
Efficiency
Availability
• Restriction on quality and quantity, and infrastructure
At the same time, it is essential to acknowledge the diversities among APEC member
economies in such areas as: economic development; economic structure; cost structure:
endowment of energy resources; etc.
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Proposal 1: Existing Researches on Energy and Competitiveness
IEA
“World Energy Outlook 2013”
Chapter 8 “Energy and competitiveness” points out that disparities in energy prices
especially for natural gas and electricity have implications for economic
competitiveness. The European Union and Japan see a strong decline in their shares of
global exports of energy-intensive goods, while the United States sees an increase in
its share of exports.
EU
“Energy Prices and Costs (2014)”
The paper prepared by the European Commission argues that retail energy price rises
in the EU create cost burdens on households and industry and affect Europe’s global
competitiveness.
IEEJ
“Asia/World Energy Outlook 2013”
An enhanced unconventional oil/gas resource development in the world results in GDP
increases for the US, China, India and Japan while decreasing GDP in the Middle East.
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Proposal 1: Outline of Study
The project will study how the APEC region can improve its economic
competitiveness while at the same time pursuing a sustainable
development and addressing energy security and environmental concerns.
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Lead by APERC, with participation of other institutions
Kick-off at EMM 2014
Workshops to be held
Interim report to EWG in 2015
Report back to Ministers at EMM 2016
1. Preparatory Research
 Literature survey on updated and advanced state of knowledge
 Survey on current situation of APEC economies
2. Analysis on impacts of energy issues on competitiveness
 Effects of electricity and fuel price change
 Effects of energy efficiency improvement
 How to improve economic competitiveness of the APEC region as a whole
3. Policy Recommendations for economic competitiveness and sustainable
development of the APEC region
 Taking into consideration the diversity of APEC member economies
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Proposal 2: New Launch of APEC Oil and Gas Security Initiative (OGSI)
1. Voluntary Implementation of Oil and Gas
Security Exercise（OGSE） by APEC Economies
 To establish “Oil and Gas Security Exercise Model
Procedure (EMP)”.
 To assist voluntary exercises by dispatching APERC
researchers and/or registered experts from IEA,
ASEAN institutions, IEEJ, etc. upon the request of
each Economy.
2. Establish APEC Oil and Gas Security Network
(OGSN)
 Members： Government officials responsible for
policy related to oil and gas security in each
Economy
 Secretariat: APERC
 Major projects
 Information Sharing and Transmission through
Mailing List
To transmit updated information on oil and gas
security through publishing “Newsletter”.
 OGSN Annual Forum
To hold the OGSN Annual Forum for delegates from
each Economy, in order to share information and
exchange views on oil and gas security and also jointly
discuss how to improve emergency preparedness.
3. Publish Oil and Gas Security Studies
(OGSS)
 To research on issues related to oil and
gas security and publish one or two
reports per year as part of an Oil and
Gas Security Studies (OGSS) series.
 The OGSS series will be presented at
OGSN Annual Forum and uploaded to
APERC’s homepage. A limited number of
prints will be distributed to APEC EWG
members.
 Examples of research themes for the
OGSS Series include:
a. The potential impact of political
and social instability in the Middle
East on APEC’s oil and gas security.
b. The impact of Arctic melt on new
opportunities for oil and gas
resources and trade routes.
c. The current situation of oil and
gas storage in the APEC region
and possibility of building a
stockpile system.
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