Transcript Document
Alaska’s Permanent Fund
an overview for Alaska students
Three important questions about our Permanent Fund
Lesson 1 –
How did Alaska GET a Permanent Fund?
Lesson 2 –
What IS the Permanent Fund?
Lesson 3 –
What is the Permanent Fund FOR?
Lesson 1: How did Alaska get a Permanent Fund?
Transitioning to an oil-based economy…
1968: Bonanza!
1957 – 1968…exploratory drilling Alaska.
1968 – Atlantic Richfield strikes oil in Prudhoe
Bay. Recoverable oil reserves estimated at
9.6 BILLION barrels.
Alaska’s annual
budget in 1969?
$112 million
What does a 10 year old state do with $900 million?
The state leaders held meetings
around Alaska to talk about it.
Here were some of the ideas that
people proposed:
• Basic “Infrastructure”
• Loan program
• Longevity bonus program
• A “perpetual and
permanent capital fund for
the continuing development
of Alaska”
1969 – 1975: How Alaska used its budget surplus
The Legislature spent money on many new projects and
programs such as the Student Loan Program, the Longevity
Bonus Program and infrastructure projects.
1968-1976…getting the oil to market:
building the Alaska Pipeline
1968 – 1971 Progress stalls as oil companies wait for land claims
with Alaska Native people to be resolved before
developing oil fields.
1971 – President Nixon signs Alaska Native Claims Settlement
Act (ANCSA)
1973 – Congress passes TransAlaska Pipeline Authorization Act
1974 – 1976 Pipeline construction
A second windfall was coming…
What would Alaska do this time?
1976 Alaska voters approve a constitutional amendment
establishing the Permanent Fund
Representative Hugh Malone
Governor Jay Hammond and the Legislature
1977 Permanent Fund receives its first deposit of
constitutionally dedicated oil revenues; $734,000
Permanent Fund constitutional amendment
2 out of 3 voters said “Yes”
to a Permanent Fund!
1977 - 1980 Alaskans debate:
“How should Fund earnings be used?”
Leases were signed
ANCSA was settled
Companies were drilling for oil
Pipeline was finished
Permanent Fund was created
Money was flowing into the Fund
Investments were generating income
What should Alaska do with the income?
Was the Permanent Fund a good idea?
1977:
2006:
Dividends
paid out
1982 - 2006:
Why we have a Permanent Fund…
$6
State General Fund mineral revenues
$5
Fund investment earnings that may be spent
$3
$2
$1
20
24
20
16
20
08
20
00
19
92
19
84
$0
19
76
Billions
$4
1980: Legislature creates the Alaska Permanent Fund
Corporation to manage the Fund
Juneau office building
APFC Board of Trustees
Finance group
Investment group
Lesson 2 – What IS the Permanent Fund?
STOCKS
BONDS
REAL ESTATE
Investing: trying to manage risk…
Inflation
The economy
Principal
Price of oil
Interest
rates
Politics/elections
Liquidity
Investment
management
Credit
Markets
Corporate
governance
?
Natural
disasters
The relationship between risk and reward…
A diverse asset allocation = risk management
*
**
* Private equities are stocks that are not
traded on the public stock exchanges, such as
the New York Stock Exchange
** Absolute return investments is another
name for hedge funds, which involves a wide
variety of investment strategies.
The effect of diversifying your assets (investments)
*A “return” means the profit on an investment, usually expressed as an
annual percentage rate.
Annual inflation rates since the Fund’s early days
16%
14%
Inflation rate*
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
78
80
82
84
86
* based on US Consumer Price Index
88
90
92
94
96
98
0
2
4
6
How inflation affects the Permanent Fund:
total return – inflation = real return
* based on US Consumer Price Index
Money’s only value is what it can buy!
Germany 1923/24: heating with money
Lesson 3 - What is the Permanent Fund for?
1. Who can spend money from the Fund ?
2. How much can be spent ?
3. What can Fund money be spent on ?
...for YOU to decide…