Transcript A SuperCourse for Science:The View From The South

A SuperCourse for Science:
The View From The South
Ismail Serageldin
AAAS – Boston
15 February 2008
Outline
• The World We Live In
• The Challenges Facing The South
• The Importance Of Science
Education
• The Need For The SuperCourse
• A Partnership: AAAS And The
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
• The Future
The World We Live In
By 1999 the knowledge sector adds more
value than business sector to the GDP of
OECD Countries
3.5%
2.9%
Knowledge
sector
Source: OECD, 1999.
Business
sector
Rich Countries Vs. Poor Countries
Income:
40 Times
Research:
220 Times
THE POWER OF HUMAN CAPITAL
90
80
70
78
69
JAPAN
USA
EU
China
LDCs Non-Asia
60
50
40
40
30
20
10
6
0.5
0
Researchers and Engineers per 10,000
workers
Source: European Commission, Scientific Partnership for Development, Brussels, 1998, p. 8.
PCs per 10,000 Persons
2000
1800
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
230
200
1
0
OECD
MIC
LIC
Source: European Commission, Scientific Partnership for Development, Brussels, 1998, p. 37.
The enormous weakness of the
schooling system on which the
university builds
But Some Developing Countries Have
Performed Spectacularly Well…
The Challenges Facing The
South
The Asian Tigers
From a very poor island to
• 22 million people
• On 36,000 sq. kms. Of
mostly mountainous
terrain
But…
• Extremely wealthy
(reserves of $ 266 billion,
per cap. GDP of $26,000)
• An Industrial Powerhouse!
Some of the tallest buildings in the world
Taiwanese companies, from chip foundry
TSMC to laptop maker Quanta, produce
enormously but products are marketed under
other brand names
Source: BusinessWeek, May 16, 2005
#1 Provider of chip foundry services, with 70%
of the market worth $8.9 billion
Source: BusinessWeek, May 16, 2005
#1 Provider of notebook PCs, with 72% of the
market worth $22 billion
Source: BusinessWeek, May 16, 2005
#1 Provider of LCD monitors, with 68% of the
market worth $14 billion
Source: BusinessWeek, May 16, 2005
#2 Provider of servers, with 33% of the market
worth $1.8 billion
Source: BusinessWeek, May 16, 2005
#2 Provider of digital still cameras, with 34% of
the market worth $2 billion
Source: BusinessWeek, May 16, 2005
#1 Provider of PDAs, with 79% of the market
worth $1.8 billion
Source: BusinessWeek, May 16, 2005
Other success stories abound
• Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong,
China, India…
Different Countries,
Different Strategies
• Korea 1990: top 5 companies account for
60% of exports
• Taiwan 1990: Top 60 companies account for
5% of exports
• Taiwan 1990: 25% of companies working on
exports have <5 employees!
Korean Brands
Korea
• 3rd poorest country in 1955 to 11th biggest
economy in 2005
• Spends more than Italy and Canada on R&D
• Samsung bigger than Sony
• Samsung has more advanced technology in
some sectors than Sony, Motorola or
Erickson
Education: The Korean Example
Korea before 1960s

Source: DongA ilbo
Status of Economic Growth
Korea
Zimbabwe
Kenya
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1962
1970
1996
Employment by Industrial Sector (%)
Agriculture
Manufacturing
Service
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1962 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Growth of Trade Volume (mil USD)
19
62
19
65
19
70
19
75
19
80
19
85
19
90
19
95
20
00
200000
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Export
Import
South Korea
•
•
•
•
•
GDP growth: 4.9%
GDP: $730bn
Inflation: 2.5%
Population: 48.5m
GDP per head: $15,050
Source: The Economist, Issues of 2005
Korea:
“The Policies that have worked
well in the past are not necessarily
the best to confront the
challenges of tomorrow…”
Interrelationship between educational and economic development
Phase of education and training
Adult
literacy
campaign
Saemaul
Undong
Universal
primary
education
Universal
secondary
education
Mass
higher
education
“can do” spirit
1945
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Phase of manpower supply
Literate and manually
skilled work force
Semi-skilled
work force
Skilled
work force
Knowledge
work force
Phase of economic development
TRADITIONAL INDUSTRY
Agriculture
Labor intensive
industries
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Capital intensive
heavy and chemical
industries
POST INDUSTRIALIZATION
High
technology/
knowledge
intensive
industries
IT,BT,CT,
ET,NT
Services
e business
Quantity does not mean forgetting
Quality
Korean Student’s Performance in Reading, Math and
Scientific Literacy on PISA 2000
Reading
Country
Math.
Average
Country
Science
Average
Country
Average
Finland
Canada
New Zealand
546
534
529
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
557
547
537
Korea
Japan
Finland
552
550
538
Australia
528
Finland
536
England
532
Ireland
Korea
527
525
Australia
Canada
533
533
England
Japan
523
522
Switzerland
England
529
529
Australia
Austria
528
519
Sweden
Belgium
Austria
Iceland
Norway
516
507
507
507
505
Belgium
France
Austria
Denmark
Iceland
520
517
515
514
514
Ireland
Sweden
Czech Rep.
France
Norway
513
512
511
500
500
France
505
Sweden
510
U.S.A
499
U.S.A
Denmark
Switzerland
Spain
504
497
494
493
Ireland
Norway
Czech Rep.
U.S.A
503
499
498
493
Hungary
Iceland
Belgium
Switzerland
496
496
496
496
Czech Rep.
492
Germany
490
Spain
491
Italy
Germany
Hungary
487
484
480
Hungary
Spain
Poland
488
476
470
Germany
Poland
Denmark
487
483
481
Poland
Greece
Portugal
479
474
470
Italy
Portugal
Greece
457
454
447
Italy
Greece
Portugal
478
461
459
Luxemburg
Mexico
441
422
Luxemburg
Mexico
446
387
Luxemburg
Mexico
443
422
Canada
New Zealand
529
528
International Comparisons of Mathematics and Science
Performance of Students in the 4th and 8th grades (1995)*
4th grade
8th grade
Country
Math.
Science
Math.
Science
Korea
Japan
Nether lands
Czech Rep.
Austria
Ireland
Hungary
Australia
U.S.A
Canada
Scotland
England
Norway
New Zealand
Greece
Portugal
Iceland
611(1)
597(2)
577(3)
567(4)
559(5)
550(6)
548(7)
546(8)
545(9)
532(10)
520(11)
513(12)
502(13)
499(14)
492(15)
475(16)
474(17)
597(1)
574(2)
557(6)
557(7)
565(4)
539(10)
532(12)
562(5)
565(3)
549(9)
536(11)
551(8)
530(14)
531(13)
497(16)
480(17)
505(15)
607(1)
605(2)
541(4)
564(3)
539(5)
527(8)
537(6)
530(7)
500(13)
527(9)
498(14)
506(11)
503(12)
508(10)
484(16)
454(17)
487(15)
565(3)
571(2)
560(4)
574(1)
558(5)
538(9)
554(6)
545(8)
534(10)
531(11)
517(14)
552(7)
527(12)
526(13)
497(15)
480(17)
494(16)
International
Average
537
543
526
537
* Source : OECD(1997). Education at a Glance.
Note : Number in parenthesis is rank in each category.
Again in
2003
Source, The Economist, 10 February 2007
Again in
2003
Source, The Economist, 10 February 2007
Gross tertiary enrollment ratio
34
11
4
Low
WDI, 1999
Middle
High
1980
Gross tertiary enrollment ratio
58
34
1980
1996
15
11
4
Low
WDI, 1999
5
Middle
High
Tertiary enrollment ratios
80
High Income
60
40
20
Low & Middle
SS Africa
0
1965
Source: Task Force, 2000,
1975
1985
1995
Tertiary enrollment ratios
80
High Income
60
Rep. Korea
40
20
Low & Middle
SS Africa
0
1965
Source: Task Force, 2000,
1975
1985
1995
Tertiary enrollment in technical
fields
50
40
30
20
10
0
Taiwan
WDR, 1999
Rep. Korea
Hong
Kong
Singapore
OECD
The Importance Of Science
Education
Thank you
Thank you
Four year effort:
Published 1996
18,000 reviewers
250 pages
The Need For The SuperCourse
The SuperCourse
• Will allow teachers to organize their own
material
• To take a whole lecture or individual slides
• To tailor the lecture to his/her needs
• To stay in touch in an easy and accessible
fashion with the latest in science
A Partnership: AAAS and The
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
To Make The SuperCourse Work
•
•
•
•
•
Build Communities of practice
Collect the best lectures
Organize them in a user-friendly way
Make them available for free
Constantly update the information
• All this will require the involvement of topflight scientific communities of practice in
various disciplines…
To Make The SuoerCourse Work
•
•
•
•
•
Build Communities of practice
Collect the best lectures
Organize them in a user-friendly way
Make them available for free
Constantly update the information
• All this will require the involvement of topflight scientific communities of practice in
various disciplines…
Who better than the AAAS can
help with these fascinating
tasks?
Note that they will come
largely as the by-product of the
regular work of practicing
lecturing scientists…
Why The Bibliotheca
Alexandrina (BA) – Egypt’s
New Library Of Alexandria?
The Reborn Bibliotheca Alexandrina –
The New Library Of Alexandria
Almost at the very spot of the old one,
Dedicated to science, Born Digital
A symbolic Value, Yes, But much more
practical reasons to choose the BA
Over a million visitors a day
Over 500 Events a year
And International Gatherings
Many Scientific Conferences
Over 750,000 day visitors annually
Thousands of Children
Over 10,000 subscribers
>250,000 reader visits/yr
Websites:
Over 150 million
hits per year
The New Library of Alexandria
A complex of lively institutions!
The BA has …
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
7 Research Institutes
5 specialized libraries
Internet archive
Main Library
9 permanent exhibitions
3 museums
ALEXploratorium
Planetarium
6 art galleries
Conference center ……and a whole lot more!
The Internet Archive
• Holds the memory of
the world
• Every publicly
accessible page on
the WWW
• 1996 to the present
• Original in San
Francisco
• Only copy is in
Alexandria
The Racks of the
Petaboxes
Each Rack
can take the text of
100 million books
(of 300 pages each)
or 12 million formatted books
Synchronized Daily with San Francisco
An Infrastructure for Science
•
•
•
•
•
Hybrid Library (25,000 journals)
Large computing capability
Analytical Center
Large Storage Devices
Large-bandwidth connectivity
Connectivity
SO…
Let’s Build A Partnership:
AAAS and The Bibliotheca
Alexandrina
Teams can build huge achievements over
time
And the BA in Egypt is equipping itself
to compete in these Modern Times
To compete with the Asian Tigers
China
India
Korea
Brazil
Mexico
& many more…
It Is the Dawn of A new Age!
It Is the Dawn of A new Age!
Let’s Embrace it!
The Future
With your help…
We will create In Egypt a Base for The
Supercourse maintained by an
excellent local team
Our Team
Limited size, limited resources
The Competition
Large size, unlimited resources
But we will surprise you!
Working All Together
There is
so much
we can do
for a
whole
generation
For The Whole World…
Thank You
The images used in this
presentation are strictly for the
educational purpose of this
lecture. Any use by anyone for
any other purpose should be after
consulting the copyright owners
of these pictures