Transcript Internet Communicati..

1
Intelligence
Iran and Siemens-Nokia
Internet Communication
Marc
1
Massie ,
Charlie
2
Spatz ,
Makayla
3
Advertisment
3
Brown
•In 2001, the Iranian government required Internet service
providers to install filtering systems
–Also made all international connections go through a single
gateway controlled by Iran’s telecom monopoly
Overview:
•Used, “Deep Packet Inspection”
–Allowed them to block communication, gain information on
individuals, and alter it for disinformation purposes
–Worked by admitting equipment into a flow of online data,
which is deconstructed and examined for keywords
–Goes through emails, phone calls, and even photos and
messages on Facebook and Twitter
•Equipment was provided by Siemens AG and Nokia Corp.
under the concept of “lawful intercept”
–Intercepting data for purposes of combating terrorism, child
pornography, and drug trafficking
–Siemens-Nokia sold the equipment to a Munich-based
investment firm
http://www.guidebookgallery.org/pics/articles/apple2userinterfaces/apple2c.big.jpg
The Internet is used by over a billion people around the globe and
is transforming nearly every aspect our lives. Traditional means of
communications, such as mail and telephony, have been
transformed and even been replaced by Internet technologies.
The rapid expansion of the Internet has not come without
controversy and those with malevolent aspirations. Advertisers
have quickly adapted to the Internet, creating ads that are
becoming more targeted and invasive. Eavesdroppers, such as,
Iran and China have gone to great effort to use the Internet for
domestic intelligence. Around the globe, internet service provides
are filtering and delaying data, which is defying net neutrality. With
and ever increasing dependence on the Internet is important to
maintain a fair and equal playing field.
Net
2
Neutrality
“Net Neutrality means that Internet service providers may not discriminate
between different kinds of content and applications online. It guarantees a
level playing field for all Web sites and Internet technologies.”
-www.savetheinternet.org
WWW
ISP
E-Mail
China and Google
•In 2006, Google China search engine was set up with
censored pages
–Search requests for words such as “Tiananmen Square
Massacre” or “Dali Lama” came up blank
• In January 2010, Google decided to discontinue their
censored pages because it goes against went against their
company’s official motto, “Don’t be Evil”
–Google China employs 700 people, and has an estimated
$300 million in annual revenue
•A month later, cyber attacks took place against Google,
which were traced back to China
–attacks were aimed at Gmail user accounts of Chinese
human rights activists
•Operation Aurora
Sources:
Rhoads, Christopher. Chao, Loretta. 22 June 2009. “Iran's Web Spying Aided By Western Technology” Wall Street Journal. Web.29
April 2010. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124562668777335653.html
Petersen, Bryan. "Logo D'eBay on Flickr - Photo Sharing!" Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing. Web. 04 May 2010.
<http://www.flickr.com/photos/bryanpetersen/2651413318/>.
"Advertising." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 3 May 2009. Web. 04 May 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising>.
VOIP
How is net neutrality being threatened?
Some internet service providers (ISP) are discriminating
against certain types of data.
Examples of discrimination:
•Voice over IP Services
•File transfers (BitTorrent and P2P)
•Preferential treatment to certain websites
Arguments against Net Neutrality
Notable opponents:
•Comcast, The Goldwater Institute, Cato Institute
•Innovation and investment
•Quality of service
•Maintaining an acceptable level of bandwidth for all
subscribers
•Negatively impacting ISP services, such as, filtering
spam and preventing DoS attacks
Arguments for net neutrality
•Notable proponents: Microsoft, Apple, Yahoo,
Amazon, Vonage
• Prevent ISP's from becoming gatekeepers
•Maintain innovation
Historical Network Neutrality
•Pacific Telegraph Act of 1860
•Called for impartial transmission of telegraphs,
leaving only preferential treatment for government
telegraphs.
FCC vs. Comcast
•Case over Comcast's right to "throttle" peer-to-peer
traffic through BitTorrent.
•Court of Appeals ruled in favor of Comcast in April
2010, causing a set back to net neutrality
4
ADVERTISING IN ANCIENT TIMES:
-In Ancient Egypt, papyrus was used to makes sales
posters.
-During the Middle Ages, lots of people were illiterate,
so vendors would draw signs corresponding to the
item they wanted to sell.
-It was the job of the “town-crier” to shout the
whereabouts of fruit and vegetable carts in crowded
markets.
PEOPLE:
-Volney B. Palmer started the first advertising
company in 1841, in Philadelphia.
-By 1861, there were more than twenty agencies in
New York City alone.
-In 1873, the first advertising convention was held in
NYC.
NEWSPAPER:
-1704, the first ad was placed in the Boston NewsLetter paper, looking for a buyer of an Oyster Bay
Long Island estate.
-1729, Ben Franklin’s newspaper, the Pennsylvania
Gazette, has a page for “new ads” and in 1742 his
General Magazine published the first American
magazine ads.
TELEVISION:
-TV furthered the advancement of ads, because there
were more options of channels that were pointed at
certain types of people, so advertisers could choose
accordingly which channel they showed their ads on.
*Problems with TV advertising: There may be no one
watching at the time the ad is on, many people
change channels or mute during commercials, the
viewer may have no interest, or they may TiVo and
not have to watch the commercials.
INTERNET:
-CPM (cost per mille)- with this the business pays for
certain people to see their add, so they pay for every
1000 loads of their ad, mille is used because it means
1000.
-CPC (cost per click)- advertisers pay each time
someone clicks on their ad and goes to their website.
This allows advertising specialists to refine searches
and see who is interested in their products. So they
pay to be listed under certain target words that they
believe will attract the right type of clientele for their
business.
-CPA (cost per action)- is common in the “affiliate
marketing sector” of business, the publisher takes all
the risk and the advertiser only pays for those
customers who “complete a transaction,” meaning to
buy something or sign-up.
*Benefits to Internet Advertising: One major plus of
the Internet is the immediate display of information
that is not restricted by geography or time.