Transcript No Slide Title

APEC EGNRET 27
New Zealand Country Report
EGNRET 27 and Biofuels Task Force 2
9-11 October, 2006
ZhuHai, China
RDL
APEC EGNRET 27
Coverage
Current Energy situation,
New and Renewable Energy status,
Electricity,
Biofuels,
Key Points.
RDL
APEC EGNRET 27
Current Energy Situation
•
Primary Energy Supply, 768 PJ
•
Domestic Energy Consumption, 508 PJ
•
Electricity Supplied, 41,500 GWh (5,800 MW)
•
Installed Capacity, 6,300 MW
•
Petroleum, 200 PJ
•
Natural Gas, 150 PJ (- 22% this year!)
•
Electricity, 60 PJ,
•
Petrochemicals, 47 PJ
•
Industrial, Commercial, Residential, 43 PJ,
•
Coal, 5 million tonnes/year, 110 PJ,
•
Geothermal, 520 MW
•
Wind, 350 MW
RDL
APEC EGNRET 27
Current Status of NRET
New Zealand has a high usage of Renewable Energy
•
60% Hydroelectricity,
•
9% Geothermal,
•
6% Wind Power.
Wind Power installations are increasing rapidly
•
2 major wind farms recently approved,
•
More in approval process.
New Initiative to promote Biofuels in Transport
•
Biofuels Obligation legislation.
RDL
APEC EGNRET 27
Electricity Generation in New Zealand
Hydroelectricity
60%
Geothermal
9%
Wind
6%
Natural Gas
13%
Coal
12%
Other (eg. Biogas)
v. small
Currently about 75% from New and Renewables
But, This Distribution is Changing Rapidly
RDL
APEC EGNRET 27
The Future of New and Renewable Energy
Commercial operation in New Zealand
•
Hydroelectricity
•
Geothermal
•
Wind
•
•
Fastest Growing,
•
2 new wind farms approved (435 MW).
Biogas
•
Small scale,
•
Sewage and Landfill based.
All future development by the “Private” Sector
RDL
APEC EGNRET 27
Biofuels in Transport
Considerable Experience in New Zealand
•
Biofuel feedstocks,
•
Biofuels production,
•
Biofuel distribution,
•
Biofuels end use,
Alcohols, Biogas and Biodiesel are the main contributers
Major Government RD & D programs completed
RDL
APEC EGNRET 27
Alcohols and Biogas – Feedstocks and Fuels
•
Agricultural Biomass
•
•
Sugar Beet and Maize,
-
Ethanol/Gasoline Blends (E 2-5, E 20),
-
Ethanol (E 90, E 100).
Forest Biomass
•
•
Fermentation of Wood (Pinus Radiata, Eucalyptus),
-
Ethanol/Gasoline Blends (E 2-5, E 20),
-
Ethanol (E 90, E 100),
-
Biogas.
Wood Gasification (Pinus Radiata, Eucalyptus),
-
Methanol/Gasoline Blends (M 2-3, M 15),
-
Methanol (M 85).
RDL
APEC EGNRET 27
Alcohols and Biogas – Distribution
•
Low Ethanol/Gasoline Blends (E 2-5, E 20),
-
•
Materials, transportation, storage.
Ethanol (E 90, E100),
-
•
Materials, transportation, storage.
Low Methanol/Gasoline Blends (M 2-3, M 15),
-
•
Materials, transportation, storage.
Methanol (M 85),
-
•
Materials, transportation, storage.
Biogas
-
New Distribution infrastructure.
Modifications increase with alcohol percentage
RDL
APEC EGNRET 27
Alcohols and Biogas – End Use
Otto Cycle Engines (gasoline engines)
•
Low Alcohol/Gasoline Blends (E 2-5, E 20, M 2-5, M 15)
- Materials, carburetor/FI adjustment.
•
High Alcohol/Gasoline Blends (E 90, M 85)
- Materials, tankage, carburettor jets/FI adjustment.
• Biogas
- On-board fuel tanks,
-
Gas handling equipment, valve seats?
Proven technology – eg. Brazil
RDL
APEC EGNRET 27
Alcohols and Biogas – End Use
Compression Ignition Engines (diesel engines)
•
•
Ethanol and Methanol
-
Dual Fuel (DF) conversion (E 100, M 100),
-
Spark Ignition (SI) conversion (E 90, M 85),
-
Alcohol/Diesel Emulsions, (E 15, M 10),
-
Fumigation,
-
Ignition improver, (E100, M 100).
Biogas
-
Spark Ignition (SI) conversion,
-
Fumigation,
All involve significant engine or fuel modification
RDL
APEC EGNRET 27
Biodiesel – Feedstocks and Fuels
•
Vegetable Oils
•
Rape Seed (Canola) Oil,
-
Canola oil/Diesel blends (C 20),
-
Canola oil ester/Diesel blends (CE 10, CE 20).
-
•
lubricating oil modification.
Animal Fats
•
Tallow Esters,
-
Tallow ester/Diesel blends (TE 10, TE 20).
-
lubricating oil modification.
Fuel Specifications are the Key
RDL
APEC EGNRET 27
Biodiesel – Distribution and End Use
Distribution
•
Can use existing Diesel distribution system
End Use
•
Can use without Diesel engine modification
-
may need lubricating oil package
Fuel Specifications are the Key!
RDL
APEC EGNRET 27
The Biofuels Obligation
New legislation
-
Released for public submissions 12 September, 2006,
-
Obligation for Oil Companies,
-
All transport fuel sales to include 0.25% biofuels in 2008,
-
Rising to 2.25% biofuels by 2012,
-
Applies to Ethanol and Biodiesel,
-
Supported by Ethanol and Biodiesel fuel specifications,
-
Biofuels waivers relate, primarily, to Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP),
-
Oil Companies claim Obligation will increase fuel prices.
Only a start, but a good one.
RDL
APEC EGNRET 27
Key Points
New Zealand has a high usage of Renewable Energy,
Wind Power installations are increasing rapidly,
Considerable RD & D on Biofuels in Transport,
New Initiative to promote Biofuels in Transport,
•
Biofuels Obligation legislation.
NZ has the knowledge base to introduce Biofuels
RDL