Transcript Slide 1

The US Perspective – Drivers
and Sustainability Considerations
James D. McMillan
May 13, 2008
May 14, 2008
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
1
USDOE Vision
Realize a viable, sustainable
biomass industry
– Producing renewable biofuels,
bioproducts and biopower
– Enhancing energy security
– Reducing petroleum dependence
– Providing environmental benefits,
including reduced GHG emissions
– Creating widespread economic
opportunities
Social
May 14, 2008
Environmental
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
Economic
2
A Sustainable Biofuels Industry
Social
Promotes social goals
Rural livelihoods
Oil import reduction, etc.
Equitable
Habitable
SUSTAINABLE
Economic
Lowered costs and enhanced
economic opportunities
Improved fuel properties
Decreased production costs
May 14, 2008
Environmental
Feasible
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
Reduced environmental effects
Greenhouse gases,
biodiversity, fertilizer runoff,
land use change
3
Ambitious Goals Established
2008
2012 Cost-competitive cellulosic ethanol
2017 “20 in 10”: Reduce U.S. gasoline use* by 20%
2022
– 15% by producing/using 35 B gallon/yr of alternative fuels (AFS)
– 5% through higher vehicle* efficiency standards (CAFÉ)
Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA 2007)
– Produce 36 B gal/yr biofuels; increase CAFÉ standards to 35 mpg
– Produce >21 B gal/yr advanced biofuels (>16 B gal/yr cellulosic
ethanol).
“30 in 30”
2030 – Displace 30% of U.S. gasoline consumption*
– Ramp up biofuels production to 60 B gallons/year
* light-duty vehicles only
May 14, 2008
1 Billion (B) = 1000 Million = 10^9
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
4
Strategic Focus: Biofuels
Feedstock
Production
Feedstock
Logistics
Biofuels
Production
Biofuels
End Use
Biofuels
Distribution
• Cellulosic ethanol is main focus of USDOE’s Biomass Program
• Currently scoping other alternative / renewable fuels to help
prioritize work on fuels “beyond” ethanol
– Focus on replacement fuels for light-duty and diesel vehicles
Out of Scope: Commercially viable biofuel production technologies
e.g., conventional starch- and sugar-based ethanol
and plant oil (soy, palm, canola, etc.)-based biodiesel
May 14, 2008
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
5
Leveraged Strategy to Achieve Goals
Three-pronged approach
• Accelerate Reseach,
Development and
Deployment (RD&D) program
• Spur financial community
investment
USDOE’s
Biomass
Program
• Create supportive policies
Policy
May 14, 2008
RD&D/
Technology
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
Market/Capital
Investments
6
Two Major Paths to Success
Integrated
Biorefineries
Biochemical
Conversion
Feedstock
Production &
Logistics
• Energy crops
• Residue harvesting
Delivery
Infrastructure
• Enzymatic hydrolysis
• Lignin conversion
Thermochemical
Conversion
• Fuels
• Power
• Distribution
vehicles (pipelines,
tankers, etc.)
• Bio-products
• Fueling stations
• Vehicles
• Gasification
• Pyrolysis
• Codes and Standards
• Market Transformation
Efforts (e.g., outreach,
policy)
Success relies on simultaneous development of the supply,
conversion, and demand infrastructures for cellulosic
May
14, 2008
ethanol
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
7
Sustainability – the Biomass Program
• Sustainability already major thread within program
– Renewable energy (fuels)
– Movement away from starch towards cellulosics
– Enzymatic pathway offers potential for more efficient and
environmentally benign cellulose degradation
– Key issues being addressed are land and water usage
– Focus on high efficiency and low waste technologies
– Strive to integrate conversion platforms and highefficiency CHP production systems (industrial symbiosis)
• A specific sustainability plan is being developed
– Reduce exposure to future uncertainties and risks
– Strengthen ability to meet long-term goal to enable
sustainable production of large volumes of biofuels
May 14, 2008
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
8
Major DOE Accomplishments
2007 – To Date
The USDOE has announced funding commitments totaling
over $1 billion for biofuels-related projects since 2007.
These multi-year investments include:
–$385 for commercial-scale biorefineries (6)
–$200 million for pilot-scale (10%) biorefineries (7)
–$23 million for more efficient fermentation microbes (5)
–$34 million for more efficient enzymes (4)
–$405 million for new bioenergy centers (3)
Many are being cost-shared by industry.
Some include foreign participants/technology.
May 14, 2008
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
9
Major DOE Biofuels Project Locations
Geographic, Feedstock, and Technology Diversity
Cargill Inc
Biochemical
Various
(Minneapolis, MN)
Pacific Ethanol Biochemical
Wheat Straw/Corn Stover
(Boardman, OR)
Iogen
Biochemical
Wheat Straw
(Shelly, ID)
DOE Joint Bioenergy Institute
(Berkeley, CA)
Novozymes
Biochemical
Various
(Davis, CA)
Genencor
Biochemical
Various
(Palo Alto, CA)
Emery Energy
Thermochemical
Corn Stover
(Salt Lake City, UT)
Ceres, Inc
Various
(Thousand Oaks, CA)
Blue Fire
Biochemical
Municipal Solid Waste
(Corona, CA)
Verenium Corp
Biochemical
Various
(San Diego, CA)
Mascoma
Biochemical
Various
(Lebanon, NH)
Cornell University
(Ithaca, NY)
DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy
Research Center
(Madison, WI)
Gas Technology Institute
(Des Plaines, IL)
Dupont
Poet
Purdue University
Biochemical
Biochemical
(West Lafayette, Various
IN)
Corn Stover
(Wilmington,
DE)
(Emmetsburg, IA)
NewPage
Thermochemical
Wood Chips
(Wisconsin Rapids, WI)
Iowa State
Thermochemical
Switchgrass
(Ames, IA)
Lignol
Biochemical
Wood Residues
(Commerce City,
CO)
Regents of the University of
Minnesota
Various
(Minneapolis, MN)
GE Global Research
(Niskayuna, NY)
DSM Innovation Center
Biochemical
Various
(Parsippany, NJ)
Purdue University
Biochemical
Ecofin, LLC
ICM
(West Lafayette, IN)
(Washington County, KY)
Biochemical
Research Triangle Institute
Switchgrass, Corn
Abengoa
Thermochemical
DOE
Bioenergy
Stover
Biochemical/
Woody Biomass
Science Center
(St. Joseph, MO)
Thermo
(Research Triangle Park, NC)
(Oak
Ridge,
TN)
Mascoma
Ag Waste, Switchgrass
(Vonore, TN)
(Hugoton, KS)
Range Fuels
Thermochemical
Southern Research
Wood Chips
Institute
(Soperton, GA)
Thermochemical
Various
(Birmingham, AL)
Seven Small-Scale Biorefinery Projects
Alico
Thermochemical/Bio
Citrus Waste
(LaBelle, FL)
Six Commercial-Scale Biorefinery Projects
Four Improved Enzyme Projects
Five Projects for Advanced Organisms
Five Thermochemical Biofuels Projects
Three Bioenergy Centers
Regional Partnerships
South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR
DOE Joint Solicitation Biomass Projects
May 14, 2008
RSE Pulp &
Chemical, LLC
(Old Town, ME)
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
11
Biomass Program Solicitations (1)
Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil (Bio-oil) Stabilization
Funding: $7 million
Open Date: 04/16/2008 Close Date: 05/29/2008
Funding Number: DE-PS36-08GO98018
Objective: Develop cost-effective methods for stabilizing
biomass fast pyrolysis oil.
Applicants are encouraged to partner with foreign or
domestic organizations having unique/relevant capabilities.
Cost share must be at least 20% of the total and must come
from non-Federal sources unless otherwise allowed by law.
May 14, 2008
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
12
Biomass Program Solicitations (2)
University Research in Biomass Technologies:
Applied Research in Conversion of Biomass to
Advance Fuels
Funding: $4 million
Open Date: 03/31/2008 Close Date: 06/02/2008
Funding Number: DE-PS36-08GO98017
Objective: Improved approaches to biochemical (pretreatment, hydrolysis,
saccharification, fermentation, etc.) and thermochemical (gasification,
pyrolysis, synthesis) processing of biomass in integrated biorefineries.
Advanced lipid production in algae is also within scope.
Restricted to institutions of higher education.
Applicants are encouraged to partner with foreign or domestic
organizations having unique/relevant capabilities.
May 14, 2008
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
13
Biofuels Beyond Ethanol
T
TodayO
D
A
Y
Ethanol – as a blending agent from either grain or
cellulosic material from Ag and/or Forestry industry
Biodiesel – Transesterified vegetable oils blended with
diesel
Green Diesel – fats, algal oils, waste oils, or virgin oils
converted to low-sulfur diesel in petroleum refinery
Higher alcohols – examples include: butanol, mixed
alcohols, higher carbon alcohols (C5- and greater)
Fischer-Tropsch Liquids – and other products from
syn gas including methanol, dimethyl ether, etc
F
U
T
U
R
FutureE
May 14, 2008
Pyrolysis Liquids – alternative feedstock to petroleum
refinery or gasification facility
Methanol derived fuels – Methanol to gasoline
technology, dimethyl ether and other products
Other fuels – Liquid transportation fuels from
sugars/oils refinery not discussed or yet envisioned
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
14
Additional Information
• EERE Biomass Program
−http://www.eere.energy.gov/biomass/
• NREL Biomass Research
−http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/
• USDOE-USDA Biomass R&D Initiative
−http://www.brdisolutions.com/
May 14, 2008
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
15
Questions?
Bioenergy
May 14, 2008
McMillan IEA ExCo61 US Perspective
16