Transcript Unit 1 Chemistry

You may use this study guide to review for your test; practice
your new skills or review old concepts.
Each topic has several questions relating to it, this
should help with giving you plenty of practice.
Functional
Groups
ABC
Aldehydes
ABC
Amides
ABC
Alcohols
ABC
Carboxylic
Acids
ABC
Esters
ABC
Ketones
ABC
Types of
Reactions
ABC
Amines
ABC
Vocabulary
ABC
Balancing
Equations
ABC
What
Organic
compounds
tell us
ABC
What is a functional
group?
A group of atoms that
attaches to a carbon chain
which changes the
characteristics of those
compounds.
Name 3
different functional groups.
Any of the following:
alcohols, aldehydes,
ketones, esters, amines,
amides, carboxylic acids
Does every organic compound contain a
functional group?
No, only certain organic
compounds contain a
functional group, the rest are
hydrocarbons.
What is the functional group for alcohols?
-OH which can be either on a
terminal carbon or in the
middle of the carbon chain.
What is a polyhydroxyl alcohol?
It is an alcohol that contains more
than 1 OH functional group.
What is the name of the alcohol that has the formula
CH3CH2OH?
ethanol
What is the functional group for carboxylic acids?
-COOH; with the
double bonded O and
the OH on the end.
Give an example of an important cellular carboxylic
acid.
DNA or RNA
How do you name a carboxylic acid?
You use the prefix from
the carbon chain but drop
the ending and add –ic
acid
What is the functional group for an ester?
-COOR
What is a unique quality of esters?
They have a distinctive odor
depending on which ester you have.
They are responsible for many flavors
and odors of food.
How do you produce an ester?
Esters are made when a
noncarboxylic acid such as
hydrochloric or sulfuric combines
with an alcohol.
What is the functional group for an aldehyde?
-COH but the O is double bonded to
the C.
Formaldehyde is a common aldehyde, what is it used
for?
To preserve dead bodies
(also can be found in
cigarettes)
What causes an aldehyde to form?
A primary alcohol combines with an
oxidizing reactant and it takes a H off of
the alcohol and aldehyde is what is left.
What is the functional group for a ketone?
RCOR; the O is double bonded
to the C.
How do you form a ketone?
Oxidation of a secondary
alcohol produces a ketone in a
process similar to an aldehyde.
Acetone is a common ketone, what is it used for?
Nail polish remover
If you have a saturated halide hydrocarbon what type
of reaction produced that?
Addition, substitution, subtraction or combustion
Substitution; one of the hydrogens
was substituted with a halogen
If you have unsaturated halide hydrocarbon what type
of reaction created it?
Addition, subtraction, substitution or combustion
Addition, one of the multiple
bonds was broken and a
halogen added.
If I have an alkane will a halogen spontaneously react
with it?
No, alkanes are stable and therefore
fairly unreactive, the halogens will
substitute very slowly.
What is the functional group of an amine?
-NH2
How do you name an amine?
Identify the NH2 group, put in the prefix
for the carbon chain and add the –amine
as a suffix.
Name this compound: CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2
butylamine
What is the functional group for amides?
-CONH2: the O is double
bonded to the C with the N
coming off the other side.
How do you form an amide?
Ammonia combines with a
carboxylic acid
How do you name an amide?
Remove the -ic from the end of
the name of the acid and add –
amide as the suffix.
What does the work substitution mean in the context
of organic reactions?
That different atoms or
molecules replace the
hydrogens in a saturated
hydrocarbon.
What does the term addition mean in terms of
organic reactions?
That double or triple bonds in an unsaturated
hydrocarbon are broken and additional atoms
or molecules come in and replace those
bonds.
What does the term fermentation mean in regards to
organic compounds?
Fermentation is the process by
which complex compounds are
broken down in living
organisms.
Balance the following equation:
C2H5OH + O2 → CO2 + H2O
1:2:2:3
Balance the following equation:
CH3OH + O2 → CH2O + H2O
1:1:1:2
Balance the following equation:
C3H8 + Br2 → C3H6Br2 + H2
1:1:1:1
What did Stanley Miller contribute to science, what
does it show us?
Stanley Miller was able to synthesize
simple amino acids but it shows us how
complicated life simplest pieces are and
how unlikely it is that they would have
developed through evolution.
How are proteins made?
Through the polymerization of
amino acids.
Amino acids have two forms an L form and a D form
but only the L form is found in natural proteins,
what does this tell us?
The presence of a creator in the
formation of the proteins and also
explains why we don’t find natural
proteins spontaneously appearing in
nature.