Transcript Knowledge Extraction usind Artificial Neural Networks

Wismar
Business School
Artificial Neural Networks
and
Data Mining
Uwe Lämmel
www.wi.hs-wismar.de/~laemmel
[email protected]
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Content
 Data Mining
 Classification: approach
 Data Mining Cup
– 2004: Who will cancel?
– 2007: Who will get a rebate coupon?
– 2008: How long will someone participate in a lottery?
– 2009: Forecast of book sales figures
– 2010 ?
 Clustering: approach
– Behaviour of bank customers
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Data Mining
Data Mining is a
– systematic and automated
discovery and extraction
– of previously unknown knowledge
– out of huge amount of data.
"KDD – Knowledge Discovery in Data bases" – synonym
Notion wrong: Gold Mining  Data Mining
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Data Mining – Applications
 classification
 clustering
 association
 prediction
 text mining
 web mining
classification
 items are placed in subsets (classes)
 classes have known properties
– customer is bad, average, good
– pattern recognition
– …
 set of training items is used to train the
classification algorithm
clustering
 partitioning a data set into subsets (clusters),
so that the data in each subset (ideally)
share some common features
– similarity or proximity for some defined
distance measure
 is building classes
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Data Mining
Process
CRISP-DM
model
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Content
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Data Mining
Classification: approach using NN
Data Mining Cup
Clustering: approach
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Classification using NN
training p.
prerequisite
 set of training pattern (many patterns)
coded p.
approach
 code the values
 divide set of training pattern into:
– training set
– test set
 build a network
 train the network using the training set
 check the network quality using the test set
training set
test set
real data
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Development of an NN-application
calculate
network
output
build a network
architecture
input of training
pattern
modify
weights
change
parameters
error is too high
compare to
teaching
output
quality is good
enough
use Test set data
error is too
high
evaluate output
compare to teaching
output
quality is good enough
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Build an Artificial Neural Network
 Number of Input Neurons?
– depends on the number of attributes
– depends on the coding
 Number of Output Neurons?
– depends on the coding of the class attribute
 Number of Hidden Neurons?
– experiments necessary
– generally: not more than input neurons
– quarter … half of number of input neurons may
work
– see capacity of a neural network
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Experiments using the JavaNNS
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Build a network
Load training-pattern
open the Error Graph
open the Control Panel
Initialize the network
try different learning parameter: 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8
Start Learning
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Getting Results
 value the error
 Finally:
– make the test-Pattern the actual one
– Save Data …
– include output files
– save as a .res-file
 Evaluate the .res-file
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Experiments
How can we improve the results?
– Data pre-processing?
– Architecture of ANN?
– Learning Parameters?
– Evaluation of the results: post-processing?
record your work!
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Content
 Data Mining
 Classification: approach
 Data Mining Cup
– 2004: Who will cancel?
– 2007: Who will get a rebate coupon?
– 2008: How long will someone participate in a lottery?
– 2009: Forecast of book sales figures
– 2010 ?
 Clustering: approach
– Behaviour of bank customers
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Data Mining Cup
www.data–mining–cup.de
 annual competition for students
 runs April – May /June
 real world problem:
– problem
– set of training data
– set of data for classification
– to be developed: classification
 supported by many companies (data/software)
 ~ 200 – 300 participants
 workshop (user day)
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DMC2004: A Mailing Action
 mailing action of a company:
– special offer
– estimated annual income per customer:
customer
will
cancel
gets an offer
gets no offer
 given:
– 10,000 sets of customer data
containing 1,000 cancellers (training)
 problem:
– test set contains 10,000 customer data
will
not cancel
43.80€
66.30€
0.00€
72.00€
– Who will cancel ?
– Whom to send an offer?
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will
cancel
customer
Mailing Action – Aim?
will
not cancel
gets an offer
43.80€
66.30€
gets no offer
0.00€
72.00€
 no mailing action:
– 9,000 x 72.00
= 648,000
 everybody gets an offer:
– 1,000 x 43.80 + 9,000 x 66.30
= 640,500
 maximum (100% correct classification):
– 1,000 x 43.80 + 9,000 x 72.00
= 691,800
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will
cancel
customer
Goal Function: Lift
will
not cancel
gets an offer
43.80€
66.30€
gets no offer
0.00€
72.00€
basis: no mailing action: 9,000 · 72.00
goal = extra income:
liftM = 43.8 · cM + 66.30 · nkM – 72.00· nkM
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----- 32 input data ------
<important
Data
results>
^missing values^
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Feed Forward Network – What to do?
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
train the net with training set (10,000)
test the net using the test set ( another 10,000)
– classify all 10,000 customer into canceller or loyal
– evaluate the additional income
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Results
data mining cup 2002
neural network project
2004
gain:
– additional income by the mailing action
if target group was chosen according analysis
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DMC 2007: Rebate System
Check-out couponing allows
an individual coupon generation at the check-out
The coupon is printed at the end of the sales slip
depending on the current customer.
Questions:
– How can the retailer identify
whether a customer is a potential couponing
customer?
– On what coupons he will respond?
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Couponing
 Print:
– coupon A
– coupon B
– No coupon
 50,000 customer cards for training
 Classify another 50,000 customer!
 Cost function:
– coupon not redeemed (false assignment to A or B): –1
– coupon A redeemed (correct assignment to A):
+3
– coupon B redeemed (correct assignment to B):
+6
Maximize the value!
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Data Understanding
 What is the meaning of the attributes?
 Type and range of values?
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20–20–2 Network
Profit = 3AA + 6  BB
– (NA+NB+BA+AB)
results:
 winner 2007 7,890
 my version 6,714
 our students 6,468
(73/230)
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DMC2008: Participation in a Lottery
Predicting, at the beginning of the lottery,
how long participants will participate:
The first ticket has not been paid for
Only the ticket for the first class has been paid for
Only the first two classes were played
The lottery was played until the end
but no ticket purchased for the following lottery
 4 – At least first ticket for the
following lottery purchased
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0
1
2
3
–
–
–
–
cost matrix
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Data
 113,476 pattern!
 69 attributes
– new customer (yes/no)
– age
– bank
– car
– …
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100–40–20–5 Network
results:
 1,030,240 RWTH Aachen (1)
…
1,024,535 RWTH Aachen (8)
 865,565 Bauhaus Univ. Weimar (100)
 Univ. Wismar: 878,550 – 835,035
 – 1,494,315 (212)
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DMC 2009 – online bookshop „Libri“
 Sales figures training:
– more than 1.800 books
– 2.418 shops
 Sales figures forecast
– 8 books
– 2.394 shops
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DMC 2009 – online bookshop „Libri“
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DMC 2009 – 83-25-9-3 network
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DMC 2010:
Revenue maximisation by intelligent couponing
 Many customers only make an order in an online shop once
 decision whether to send a voucher worth € 5.00
 voucher for those
who would not have decided to re-order by themselves.
 32,427 data sets for training
 32,428 data sets for prediction
 37 attributes per set + target attribute in training set
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DMC 2010
 out of 67 teams!
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Content
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

Data Mining
Classification: approach
Data Mining Cup
Clustering: approach
– Behaviour of bank customers
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Clustering Transaction Data
Co–operation
 Hochschule Wismar
 HypoVereinsbank
 Medienhaus Rostock
Issue
 What information can be extracted
from turnover time series?
Strategy
1. Clustering time series data
2. Assign customers/accounts to clusters
3. Examine clusters
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Transaction Data & Time Series
Corporate clients
 223 branches
Cumulated transactions per
 Month
 Account
 Type of transaction
... for a total of 6 years
Original financial data not suitable:
 Order of values is important
 Time displacements are problematic
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Fourier versus Original Data
No displacement
Similarity detected on both:
 transaction curve and
 frequency spectrum
Data is displaced
frequency spectrum
shows similarity
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Using a classification model
Turnover ...
Customer
t0
t0+n
tm
tm+n
1. Building the Model Sequence A
Sequence B
Preprocessin
g
Preprocessin
g
Clustering
Classification Model
Initial Cluster
3. Comparing cluster
assignments
Identical
?
2. Applying the
model
New Cluster
Different
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Clustering & Prediction Results
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140.000 records
1 record = 1 account
6x5 SOM = max. 30 clusters
average changes of cluster assignments: ca. 19%
Variability per Business Sector
22,3%
Taxi
22,3%
Ship Broker Offices
20,9%
Churches
20,2%
Trucking
239/1070
64/471
228/1091
1010/5008
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Ende
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