T14 Presentation

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Design of a Stand Alone
Photovoltaic Charging System
P ROJEC T BY
AN AN THAKRISHNAN T HOPA V E N KATESH
S U DHA RSHAN R AV I CHANDRA N
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to
create a residential charging system for
an electric vehicle that employs OffGrid Photovoltaic System as the Power
Source for Charging. The Goal is to
charge a BMW i3 Electric Vehicle once,
so that it can run for 50 miles per day
with two days autonomy.
Methodology
Module
Selection
Inverter
Selection and
compatibility
Battery
Selection
Charge
Controller
Selection
Compatibility
of Design
COST analysis
and Payback
ELECTRIC VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS
VEHICLE: 2017 BMW i3 60Ah
Range: 80-114 miles on battery only
Engine: Electric
Battery: 22kWh 360V lithium-ion
Block Diagram
ARRAY DESIGN
π΄π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘¦ 𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 × π‘‚π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘™π‘™ π‘†π‘¦π‘ π‘‘π‘’π‘š πΏπ‘œπ‘ π‘  × π΄π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘”π‘’ π‘ƒπ‘’π‘Žπ‘˜ π‘†π‘œπ‘™π‘Žπ‘Ÿ π»π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘  = π‘…π‘’π‘žπ‘’π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘ π΅π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ πΈπ‘›π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘”π‘¦
System Loss
Percent
Soiling
2
Shading
3
Mismatch
2
Wiring
2
Connections
0.5
Light-induced degradation
1.5
Nameplate rating
1
Availability
1
Overall System Loss = 20% and Average Peak Sun Hours for Phoenix at tilt equal to latitude = 6.5 hours
The required power from the Array was determined to be 4.23kW
Module Specifications
MODEL: BP SOLAR 4180T
Module calculations
β€’Voltage at the Lowest Temperature: For Phoenix, Record Low: -8.3℃
π‘‰π‘‚πΆπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯ = 𝑉𝑂𝐢 + 𝑉𝑂𝐢 π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘‘ π‘™π‘œπ‘€ π‘‘π‘’π‘šπ‘ βˆ’ 25 𝑉𝑂𝐢 𝑇. 𝐢. =48.82V
β€’Voltage at the Highest Temperature: For Phoenix, Record High: 50℃
π‘‰π‘€π‘ƒπ‘šπ‘–π‘› = 𝑉𝑀𝑃 + 𝑉𝑀𝑃 πΆπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘‘π‘’π‘‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘™π‘’ π‘‡π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’ βˆ’ 25 𝑉𝑂𝐢 𝑇. 𝐢. =28.23V
β€’Corrected Module Temperature
π‘‡πΆπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘‘π‘’π‘‘ = π΄π‘šπ‘π‘–π‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘‡π‘’π‘šπ‘ + 𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 π‘‡π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’
= π‘‡π‘Žπ‘šπ‘π‘–π‘’π‘›π‘‘ +
π‘π‘‚πΆπ‘‡βˆ’20
0.8
π‘†π‘œπ‘™π‘Žπ‘Ÿ πΌπ‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› =83.75℃
Inverter Specifications
Requirement: DC-AC Ratio≀1.1
MODEL : PVP 3500
Property
Value
Continuous Output Power
3500W
Maximum D.C. Input Voltage
500V
DC Operating Voltage Range
(200-450)V
DC Minimum Starting Voltage
215V
DC Isc Maximum Current
26A
DC Imp Nominal Current
18A
AC Maximum Continuous Current
15A
AC Nominal Voltage
240V
Inverter Efficiency
95.5%
Configuration
Minimum number of modules in Series: 8
Maximum number of modules in Series: 10
Number of parallel modules≀5
No. of
Modules/No. of
Parallel Strings
1
2
3
8
1440
2880
4320
9
1620
3240
4860
10
1800
3600
5400
The selected configuration was 3 strings of 8 Modules
Battery Specifications and Selection
Battery Bank Voltage : 48V
Requirement:
Manufacturer: TROJAN BATTERY
Capacity required: 3000Ah
Model: 12V Deep Cycle, Flooded
Battery
Days of Autonomy: 2
Configuration:
Capacity: 249Ah
Depth of discharge limit: 80%
Discharge Rate: 100 hr-rate
Number of total Batteries: 12
Number of batteries in series: 4
Number of batteries in parallel: 3
Battery Compatibility
β€’The selected battery configuration should have a battery bank
voltage of 48V
β€’The capacity of the battery should meet design requirement.
β€’It should be compatible with the charge controller
Charge Controller Specifications and
Selection
Manufacturer: Morning Star
Requirement:
Model: TS-MPPT-45
-compatibility with 48V Battery Bank Voltage
Charge Controller Current: 45A
-Input current range from the PV module
System Voltage Compatibility: (12-48)V
-Voltage should be within the operating range
of the inverter.
Open Circuit Voltage: 150V
Three Charge controllers of the above type were required.
System Cost
Price Per Unit in USD
PV Module (180W)
Quantity
Total Cost in USD
1.08
24
4665.60
Inverter
980.00
1
980.00
Battery
269.97
12
3239.64
Charge Controller
380.00
3
1140.00
Total Equipment Cost
Installation Cost
Total System Cost
10025.24
10%
1002.54
11027.78
Payback Period
Daily Usage
13.75kWh
Monthly Usage
412.50kWh
Cost per kWh
$ 0.12/kWh
Monthly Savings
$ 49.50
Annual Savings
$ 594.00
Payback period
19 years
Recommendations
β€’Efficient Utilization of Energy could be done by finding a way to
redirect excess power produced during peak seasons for other
household devices.
β€’This could bring down Payback Period.