Transcript Ergonomics, Tools and Preventative Maintenance

Ergonomics, Tools and
Preventative Maintenance
By
Jesse Role Ph. D TM
Integrated Computer Environment
Selecting Implementation
Strategies
• When performing the top-level or architectural design of
a system, engineers will partition the required functions
between system resources. Some functions may be
performed using a human operator; others may use
mechanical arrangements while others will use electrical
or electronic circuits. In many cases a computer system
will provide some of the functionality and under these
circumstances it is normal to partition the requirements
between the hardware and the software. However, in
many cases the use of data offers a third distinct
implementation and functions may be partitioned .
• Partitioning of System Functions
• Required Functions
– Data
– Software
– Hardware
What Is Electrostatic Discharge
• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) is the term given to the
discharge of static electricity. We have all experienced
what is known as an 'ESD event', an unplanned
discharge of static electricity, in our everyday lives. For
example, if we have had a shock from a metal doorknob
after walking across a carpet on a dry day, or climbing
out of a car from the metal body of the vehicle. When our
clothes cling to each other after removing them from the
dryer, it is caused by an electrostatic charge. In its most
dramatic form, the lightning in a thunderstorm is a huge
electrostatic discharge.
continuation
• Static Electricity is defined as an electrical
charge caused by an imbalance of electrons on
the surface of a material. This imbalance causes
an electric field that can be measured and that
can influence other objects at a distance.
• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) is defined as
the transfer of electrostatic charge between
bodies at different electrostatic potentials caused
either by direct contact or by an induced
electrostatic field.
What is EMI?
• Electrical machine interference
–Motors
–Welding machines
–Ballast or transformer vibration
–Loss-connected wires
–Etc.
Definitions
• Voltage – the force which moves an electrical current
against resistance
• Waveform – the shape of the signal (previous slide is a
sine wave) derived from its amplitude and frequency
over a fixed time (other waveform is the square wave)
• Amplitude – the maximum value of a signal, measured
from its average state
• Frequency (pitch) – the number of cycles produced in a
second – Hertz (Hz). Relate this to the speed of a
processor eg 1.4GigaHertz or 1.4 billion cycles per
second
Measuring Signals
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0
1
22 43 64 85 106 127 148 169 190 211 232 253 274 295 316 337 358 379 400 421 442 463 484 505 526 547 568 589 610 631 652 673 694 715
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
Frequency
Amplitude
0.2
Amplitude Modulation vs
Frequency Modulation
AM- same
frequency,
different
amplitudes
FM- Different
frequencies
Digital Signals (2)
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
Digital signals
• Represented by Square Wave
• All data represented by binary values
• Single Binary Digit – Bit
• Transmission of contiguous group of bits is a bit
stream
• Not all decimal values can be represented by
binary
Analogue Signals
•
•
•
•
Human Voice – best example
Ear recognises sounds 20KHz or less
AM Radio – 535KHz to 1605KHz
FM Radio – 88MHz to 108MHz
What is RFI?
Technician's tools
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Oscilloscope - frequency, voltage, current and wave pattern
Multi-testers – components and voltage testing
Logic probe testing gates
Anti-static wrist pad
Plastic screw drivers
Assorted peripheral cards
Assorted line cables and adaptor connectors
Soldering iron (20-25 watts)
Cutter pliers
Long nose pliers
Cutter blades
Jumper wires
Set screw drivers flat and Philips
Cleaner fluid
Sand paper
IC clamp or remover
Computer Comfort and Ergonomics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Low voltage consumption
Low radiation and emission
Brightness is within the requirement
Positioning (keyboard and monitor)
Regulated cooling system
Regulated power supply
Plug and play capability
Preventive Maintenance
•
•
•
•
•
Use of correct voltage supply (UPS)
Location of computer system
Computer room environment
Regular maintenance and repair
Regular computer upgrade (hardware and
software)
• Daily computer files repair and cleaning
Operating System – Basic Services
• Programs that accept commands and
requests from a user and a user’s program
• Manages, loads, and executes programs
• Manages hardware resources of the
computer
• Act as an interface between the user and
the system
Operating System – Additional Services
•
•
•
•
Provides interfaces for the user and the user’s programs
File support services
I/O support services
Means of starting the computer
– Bootstrapping or booting the computer
– Initial Program Load (IPL)
• Handles all interrupt processing
• Network services
• Provides tools and services for concurrent processing
Risks and Safeguards
What is a system failure?
• The prolonged
malfunction of a
computer
• Can cause the
loss of hardware,
software, data, or
information
aging hardware
natural disasters
such as fires,
floods, or storms
random events such
as electrical power
problems
Using a Multi-meter or Digital Meter
• Correctness and accuracy of
measurements
• Settings range of the testers
• Comparative analysis of test results