Transcript OSHE 112_Lecture 7_PPE Spring 2016 NOT THIS

Personal Protective Equipment
OSHE 112, Spring 2016
Instructor: Mr. Chris Kuiper, CSP
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 985-549-3751
Review: Machine Safeguarding
• Importance of machine safeguarding
• Definitions: Guard, Device, Point of Operation,
Power Transmission, Nip Point
• Requirements for safeguards
• Guards: Types and applications
• Devices: Important examples
• Guarding materials and considerations
Review: Lockout/Tagout
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Purpose
Definition
Requirements: Program and Hardware
Energy control procedure
Importance of training
Personal Protective Equipment
• The least desirable method of hazard control
• For hazards that can not be eliminated through
engineering or administrative controls, PPE
becomes the best protection method.
• Important to have a positive attitude toward the
use of PPE
Definition
• Protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other
gear designed to protect employees from
serious injuries or illnesses resulting from
contact with chemical, physical, mechanical,
electrical, radiological or other workplace
hazards.
PPE Program
• Written PPE policy and procedure
• Equipment selection
• Training program
• Enforcement
Purchase
• Employers must provide and pay for PPE
required for the company for the workers to do
the job safely.
• Other circumstances
– Equipment is personal and usable by workers away
from the job: Labor-management negotiation
– Employees use their own PPE: Employers ensure the
adequacy and properness.
Standards
• OSHA 29 CFR 1910, Subpart I
– 1910.132 through 1910.138
• ANSI: Examples include
– Z41-1999: Footwear Protection
– Z87.1-1989 (R 1998): Eye and Face Protection
– Z88.2-1992: Respiratory Protection
Information Sources
• OSHA
– http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_doc
ument?p_id=20094&p_table=FEDERAL_REGISTER
– http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/personalprotectiveequipm
ent/
• NIOSH
– http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/emres/ppe.html
• ANSI
– http://webstore.ansi.org/safety_standards/welding_saf
ety/personal_protection.aspx
Head Protection
• Protective helmets can protect against falling or flying
objects, blows, electric shock and burns. There are three
classes:
– Class A: Protection from falling objects, bumps, and voltage up
to 2,200 volts
– Class B: Protection from falling objects, bumps, and voltage up
to 20,000 volts
– Class C: Provides protection from bumps and falling objects, but
no protection from electrical current
• Hair protection required to prevent it from getting
caught in machine parts – or else ...
http://www.coopersafety.com/hard-hat-class-standards.aspx
Eye Protection
• Selection considerations
– Level of protection provided
– Comfortableness
– Ease of repair
• Contact lens: Case-by-case consideration
• Goggle-cleaning stations should be conveniently
located for appropriate maintenance.
Face Protection
• Material considerations
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Mechanical strength
Light weight
Non-irritation to skin
The ability to withstand frequent disinfecting
operations
• Face shields alone generally do not provide
enough protection against eye injuries and must
be combined with basic eye protection.
Hearing Protection
• Exposure to high noise levels can cause irreversible
hearing loss or impairment as well as physical and
psychological stress.
• OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) without hearing
protection is 90 decibels (dBA.)
• Exposure to 115 dBA is permitted for a maximum of 15
minutes for an 8-hour workday.
OSHA Noise Level Tables
Noise Program 29CFR1910.95
• Impulse noise limit 140 dB peak
• Conduct noise survey
• Noise level in excess of 85 dB 8-hour time-weighted
average (TWA) requires hearing conservation program
• Most modern noise measuring instruments provide noise
and Time Weighted Average (TWA) readings
– Document instrument calibration
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Baseline and annual audiograms at no cost to employee
Notify employees of results
Select hearing protection
Train personnel and enforce program
Hearing Protection
• Employer provides variety of suitable hearing protectors
• Employer must ensure proper initial fit and use
• Hearing protectors must attenuate employee exposure at
least to an 8-hour time-weighted average of 90 decibels
• Employees who have experienced a standard threshold
shift, hearing protectors must attenuate employee
exposure to an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85
decibels or below
• May be OSHA recordable
Types and Considerations
• Enclosure (Helmet): Acoustical properties
• Aural Insert (Earplugs)
– Formable: One fits all
– Custom-molded: Made for a specific individual
– Molded: A snug fit to provide adequate protection
• Superaural (Canal Caps): Seal the external
edge of the ear canal
• Circumaural (Earmuffs): Provide an acoustical
barrier between external sound and the inner
ear
Fall Protection
• Passive fall arrest Safety nets
• Active fall arrest Personal Fall Arrest
System
Respiratory Protection
• Program elements
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Written respiratory protection program
Procedures for selecting respirators
Medical evaluation
Fit test
Routine maintenance and inspection
Training
Program effectiveness evaluation
Respiratory Hazard Identification
• Dusts: Particles from solid organic or inorganic materials
through mechanical processes
• Fumes: Particles from a volatilized solid condenses in
cool air
• Mists: Liquid suspended in the air
• Gases: Formless liquids under the effect of increased
pressure and decreased temperature
• Vapors: Gaseous form of substances in the solid or
liquid state at room temperature and pressure
• Smoke: Carbon or soot particles from the incomplete
combustion of carbonaceous materials
Types and Considerations
• Air-supplying respirators: Provide clean air
– Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
– Supplied-air respirators
– Combination self-contained and supplied-air
respirators
• Air-purifying respirators: Remove contaminants
from the air
– NEVER used in oxygen-deficient atmosphere
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
• Normally used for short-time entry and escape
from atmospheres which are or may be
immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)
• Wearable, clean-air supply pack
• The closed-circuit type can provide air up to 4
hours.
• The open-circuit type only provide air for 30 to
60 minutes.
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
Supplied-Air Respirator
• Used when there are extended work periods
required in atmospheres that are not
immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)
• Makes use of a hose to deliver clean, safe air
from a stationary source of compressed air
• Provides clean air for long periods of time and
are light weight for the user
• Limits the range of user-mobility and may fail
due to hose damage
Supplied-Air Respirator
Combination Supplied-Air SCBA Respirator
• Used when there are extended work periods
required in atmospheres that are or may be
immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)
• Have an auxiliary self-contained air supply that
can be used if the primary supply fails
• The self-contained portion can be small since it
only needs to supply enough air for escape
• Can be used for entry into confined spaces
Combination Supplied-Air SCBA Respirator
Gas/Vapor Respirators
• Used when there are only hazardous gases and
vapors in the air
• Use chemical filters (called cartridges or
canisters) to remove dangerous gases or vapors
• Do not protect against airborne particles
• Provide protection only as long as the filter's
absorbing capacity is not depleted
• The service life of the filter depends upon many
factors and can be estimated in various ways.
Particulate Respirators
• Capture particles in the air, such as dusts, mists,
and fumes
• Do not protect against gases or vapors
• Generally become more effective as particles
accumulate on the filter and plug spaces
between the fibers
• Filters should be replaced when user finds it
difficult to breathe through them.
Combination Respirators
• Used in atmospheres that contain hazards of
both particulates and gases
• Have both particulate filters and gas/vapor filters
• May be heavier
Respirator Fit-Test
• Test at least annually
• Both qualitative and quantitative tests
• Test whenever a different respirator facepiece is
used
• A change in the employee’s physical condition
could affect the fit test.
Hand/Arm Protection
• Gloves
– Cotton: General purpose applications and, in heavier
weights, for abrasion and heat protection
– Leather: Protection from rough objects, sparks and
heat, and for cushioning from blows in heavy duty
work requirements
– Rubber/PVC: Applications requiring chemical
protection
– Impact
Clothing
• Clothing
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Ensure full protection
Field test prior to actual use
Flame Retardant
No sleeveless shirts in field, shop or manufacturing
Foot/Leg Protection
• ANSI rated safety boot/shoe, foot guard, and
leggings
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Comfort and proper fit
Conductive vs. nonconductive
Electrical hazards
Chemical resistance
Waterproofing
Insulation against thermal extremes
Whole Body Protection
• In some cases workers must shield most or all of
their bodies against hazards in the workplace,
such as exposure to heat and radiation as well
as hot metals, scalding liquids, body fluids,
hazardous materials or waste, and other
hazards.
• In addition to fire-retardant wool and fireretardant cotton, materials used in whole-body
PPE include rubber, leather, synthetics, and
plastic.