Transcript Solar Generator Project

Solar Generator Project
Final Project—Solar Generator
Fred McBagonluri, PhD., MBA
Components of Solar System
Configuration
Course Overview
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Factors Affecting PV Performance
Revision of Series and Parallel Connections
Cautions! (Always connect Panels in Parallel)!
Determination of Consumption
Calculation of Panel Count
Battery Bank Sizing
Inverter Sizing
Configuration
Factors Affecting PV Performance
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Temperature
Cable length and Size
Brightness/Shading
Load
Latitude
Battery
Inverter
Factors Affecting PV Performance
• Temperature
– Temperature affects how electricity flows through
an electrical circuit by changing the speed at
which the electrons travel. This is due to an
increase in resistance of the circuit that results
from an increase in temperature.
– Likewise, resistance is decreased with decreasing
temperatures.
Factors Affecting PV Performance
• Cable Length
– Length of cable between the panel and the charge
controller = 20m
– Cable Cross-section =1.5sq mm
– Resistance per meter of cable = 0.012 ohms
– 20M Wire resistance = 0.012ohms X 20m =0.24 ohms
– Voltage = 24V (Assuming a 24V System)
– Current = 10amp
– V= I*R = 10 X 0.24 ohms = 2.4V Drop in voltage
Factors Affecting PV Performance
• Cable Length
– Length of cable between the panel and the charge
controller =20m
– Cable Cross-section = 6sq mm
– Resistance per meter of cable = 0.003 Ohms
– 20M Wire resistance = 0.003 ohms X 20m =0.06 ohms
– Voltage = 24V (Assuming a 24V System)
– Current = 10amp
– V= I*R = 10 X 0.06 ohms = 0.6V 2.5% Drop in voltage
Brightness and Shading
• Shaded cells affect the current flow of the
whole panel.
Irradiation in Ghana
Connection in Series
12V,
18ah
12V,
18ah
Double Voltage 12V + 12V = 24V
Capacity Remains the same, 18ah
Connection in Parallel
12V,
18ah
12V,
18ah
Voltage remains the same = 12V
Capacity Double, 36ah
DC/AC
Caution!
• Always connect Panels in Parallel will result in a voltage
that is too high for the charge controller!
• Battery should not discharge more 50%
• Use deep cycle batteries
• Breakers or fuses can be added between the panels
and the charge controller (10A per every panel),
between the charge controller and the battery bank
(30A) and between the battery and inverter
• For optimum energy production solar panels should be
pointed in the direction of the sun to maximize the
surface area that can receive light
• High Voltage from Inverter be careful
Determination of Consumption
Battery Charging
Calculation of Panel Count
Inverter Sizing
Battery Bank Sizing
Configuration
Homework 1
• Identify 5-10 common electronic/electrical
systems/equipment that are common in your
environment.
• Identify and List the rated wattages of these
systems/equipment (in Watts)
• Estimate the duration of usage per day (hrs)
• Calculate consumption for each systems or
equipment (watt.hrs)
Homework 2
• What are the effects of the following variables
on the performance of a solar system:
– Types of Panels
– Loading Conditions
– Latitude
– Battery Efficiency
– Inverter Efficiency
– Charger Control Efficiency