Transcript electronics and power electronics

ELECTRONICS
AND
POWER ELECTRONICS
Nisha Kondrath
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Minnesota Duluth
BACKGROUND
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Education
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Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering
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Master of Science in Engineering
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Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 2005
Bachelor of Technology in Electrical & Electronics Engineering
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Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 2010
Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India, 2002
Teaching and Research Experience
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Electronics
Power electronics
VLSI systems
Control systems
RF systems
Power magnetics
QUOTES FROM IEEE JOURNALS
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We now live in a truly global society. In the highly automated
industrial front with economic competitiveness of nations, in
future, two technologies will dominate: Computers and Power
Electronics.
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The former providing intelligence as to “what to do”
The latter providing “the means to do it”
Computers: Household item
Power Electronics: Household item?
QUOTES FROM IEEE JOURNALS
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“Modern computers, communication, and electronic systems
get their life blood from power electronics”
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Power electronics technology encompasses the effective use
of electronic components, the application of circuit theory and
design techniques, and the development of analytical tools
toward efficient electronic conversion, control, and
conditioning of electric power.
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Power electronics is an enabling technology
WHY POWER ELECTRONICS?
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Electrical energy efficiency
65 % power loss in the production end – in turbines
 Only 16 % is left at the consumption end
 For every 100 kW input fuel energy, we get 15-20 kW of output
energy.
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For every 1 kW of power saved at the consumer end save
about 6 kW of power at the production end.
Maximum power consumption is in:
Induction machines: fan, pump, compressor
 Lighting
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WHY POWER ELECTRONICS?
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Sources of energy:
87 % from fossil fuel
 6 % from nuclear
 Remaining 7 % from renewable sources: solar, wind etc.
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At the present rate, by the end of 22nd century, non-renewable
energy sources will be depleted.
Solution:
Efficient use of available electrical energy
 Improve the conversion efficiency
 Improve the percentage of renewable energy
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WHY POWER ELECTRONICS?
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High Efficiency
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Usually consists of switching devices: Results in less power loss in
individual components.
Smaller size
Switching components enable high operating frequency
 Smaller magnetic components
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Cheaper
DEFINITION OF POWER ELECTRONICS
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Power electronics is the technology associated with efficient
conversion, control, and storage of electric power by power
semiconductor devices.
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Power semiconductor devices are the heart of power electronics
Common terminologies
Power electronics
 Power conversion
 Power management
 Power processing
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POWER ELECTRONICS
Source
Power
Electronics
Load
Control
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Used wherever there is a need to modify one form of electrical
energy into another.
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Power levels range from some milliwatts (mW) to hundreds of
megawatts (MW)
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Voltage, current, or frequency
Mobile phones to HVDC transmission systems
Unlike regular electronic systems, which carry signals, power
electronic systems carry power.
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Focus on efficiency
POWER CONVERTERS
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Rectifiers: ac-dc converters
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Power supplies connected to the mains.
Choppers: dc-dc converters
Mobile devices such as mobile phones, PDA etc.
 Electronic isolation
 Power factor correction
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Inverters: dc-ac converters
UPS (Uninterrupted power supply)
 Emergency lighting system
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Cycloconverters: ac-ac converters
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International power adapters
APPLICATIONS
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Power transmission and distribution
Computers
Consumer electronics
Automotive electronics
Military electronics
Medical equipments
Space applications
Communication systems
Industrial electronics
HOW TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL POWER
ELECTRONICS ENGINEER?
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Bachelor’s degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering
(with major emphasis on basic electronics)
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Successfully complete basic electronic courses to lay the foundation
along with practical training from the industry (Get internships!!!).
Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering (with major
emphasis on power electronics)
Use the basis from the bachelor’s degree to learn advanced courses.
 Get introduced to the research aspects of the field.
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Ph.D in power electronics
CAREER OPTIONS
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Interdisciplinary areas:
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PE + Control systems
PE + Device Physics
PE + Electromagnetics
PE + Communications
PE + VLSI + MEMS
PE + Robotics
PE + Automotive
PE + Renewable/Altenative energy
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CAREER OPTIONS
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In the United States, about 25 of Fortune 100 companies engage in PE
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Global industries
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Small-scale industries
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WPAFB, NASA Glenn Research, Oak Ridge National Labs, Sandia National
Labs….
Academics
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3M, Nycor, IR (Ingersoll Rand), …
National Research Institutes
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Tennant Companies, McKinley Group..
Local companies
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GE, IBM, Texas Instruments…
Professional Engineer, Professor, Research Associate….
Self Employment
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Sales, Distribution, Application Engineer for Power Electronic Devices and
Equipments…
QUESTIONS???
THANK YOU
AND
GOOD LUCK!