Transcript electret condenser microphone

TITLE
Types of microphones
SUBJECT
AUDIO & VIDEO SYSTEMS
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION AS A
PART OF ALA SUBMISSION
TOPIC : TYPES OF MICROPHONES
BY :
NAME : SHUBHAM A. KANORIA
ENROLL : 131080111004
DEPT : E.C.
SEMESTER : 5TH
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Microphones
 A microphone is a type of transducer.
 Early microphones were invented for
communication purposes.
 Later modifications were made to design as
the microphone was used more in
entertainment industry.
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Different Types of Microphones
Types of Microphones discussed :
 Dynamic
 Condenser/Capacitor
 Electret
 Ribbon
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
DYNAMIC MIC
Dynamic: a coil of wire attached to a
diaphragm suspended in a magnetic field.
Sound waves vibrate diaphragm, coil vibrates
in magnetic field and generates a electrical
signal similar to sound wave
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Description
Tends to have rougher response
Rugged and reliable
Handles heat, cold, and high humidity
Preferred for high SPL: guitar amps, drums
If flat response, can take the “edge” off sounds
(woodwinds, brass)
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Advantages
• Relatively cheap
• Rugged.
• Can be easily miniaturized.
Disadvantages
• The uniformity of response to different
frequencies does not match that of the ribbon
or condenser microphones.
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
CONDENSER/CAPACITOR MIC
 Sometimes called capacitor mic.
 2 parts: conductive diaphragm and metal backplate,
spaced very close together
 Both charged with static electricity
 When sound waves strike diaphragm, it vibrates,
varying the spacing between the plates
 This variation generates a similar signal to incoming
sound wave
 Diaphragm mass is lower, responds faster to rapidly
changing sound waves (transients)
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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Description
Condenser mics need external power supply
(battery or phantom power)
Phantom power: 12 to 48 volts supplied
through XLR cable
Most mixers have a switch to turn on phantom
power
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Wide, smooth frequency response
Detailed sound, Extended Highs
Omni type has excellent low-frequency
response
Transient attacks sharp and clear
Preferred for acoustic instruments, cymbals,
studio vocals
Can be miniaturized
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Advantages
• Best overall frequency response
• Best Transient Response
Disadvantages
• Expensive
• May pop and crack when miked close
• Requires a battery or external power supply
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ELECTRET CONDENSER MICROPHONE
 The electret condenser mic uses a special type of
capacitor which has a permanent voltage built in during
manufacture.
 This is somewhat like a permanent magnet, in that it
doesn't require any external power for operation.
 good electret condenser mics usually include a preamplifier which does still require power.
 Other than this difference, you can think of an electret
condenser microphone as being the same as a normal
condenser.
 Still require a built in amplifier (transistor)
 Powered with a battery housed in the casing.
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
RIBBON MIC
Thin metal foil or ribbon is suspended in a
magnetic field
Sound waves vibrate the ribbon in the field
and generate a electrical signal
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Description
Prized for its warm, smooth tone quality
Delicate, damaged by temperature and
humidity changes
Complements digital recording
Expensive
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Advantages
• Adds "warmth" to the tone by accenting lows
when close-miked.
Disadvantages
• Accenting lows sometimes produces "boomy"
bass
• Very susceptible to wind noise. Not suitable
for outside use unless very well shielded.
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
MICROPHONE PICKUP PATTERNS


Pickup patterns help to reduce unwanted
signal from getting pickups
Popular patterns: Monodirectional,
Bidirectional, Cardioid, and Omnidirectional
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
THANK YOU
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION