Transcript 11.18.2008 Transformer Training first meeting

Inside Sales Customer Service
Product Training
11/18/2008
Transformers
 History Of The Transformer
 What Is A Transformer
 Different Types of Transformers
 How To Select A Transformer
 When To Use A Transformer
 Purchasing Information
History Of The Transformer
 The transformer principle was demonstrated in 1831 by Michael Faraday,
although he used it only to demonstrate the principle of electromagnetic
induction
 The first widely used transformer was the induction coil, invented by Irish
clergyman Nicholas Callan in 1836
 William Stanley, an engineer for Westinghouse, built the first commercial
device in 1885
 This design was first used commercially in 1886. The patent application
made the first use of the word "transformer"
 Russian engineer Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky developed the first three
phase transformer in 1889
 In 1891 Nikola Tesla invented the Tesla coil, an air-cored, dual-tuned
resonant transformer for generating very high voltages at high frequency
 Audio Frequency transformers (at the time called repeating coils) were used
by the earliest experimenters in the development of the telephone
 Transformers are essential for high voltage power transmission, which
makes long distance transmission economically practical
What Is A Transformer
 A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one
circuit to another through inductively coupled electrical conductors
 A changing current in the first circuit (the primary) creates a
changing magnetic field. This changing magnetic field induces a
changing voltage in the second circuit (the secondary)
 If a load is connected to the secondary circuit, electric charge will
flow in the secondary winding of the transformer and transfer energy
from the primary circuit to the load connected in the secondary
circuit
 By appropriate selection of the numbers of turns, a transformer thus
allows an alternating voltage to be stepped up or stepped down, by
making it less
Different Types of Transformers
 General Purpose
 Low Temperature Rise
 Low Voltage
 K-Factor
 Hazardous Location
 Buck-Boost
 Drive Isolation
 Industrial Control
General Purpose Transformers
 Energy efficient Dry-Type 600 volt class
 Isolation Type
 Single Phase
 Three Phase
 15kVA through 500kVA
 Indoor models
 Outdoor models
 Compliant to NEMA TP-1 Standards
General Purpose Transformers
Accessories & Options
 Wall Mounting brackets (500 lbs maximum)
 Weather Shields (UL-3R)
 Stainless Steel Enclosures
 Totally Enclosed Non-Ventilated Designs
 Open Core and Coil Designs
 Copper Wound Designs
 Low Temperature Designs
 Fuse kits
Low Temperature Rise Transformers
 Designed for any critical application requiring extra
overload capability
 Lower than average total losses
 Cooler operating temperatures.
 Available with either a 115°C or 80°C thermal rise and a
fully coordinated class 220°C insulation
Low Temperature Rise Transformers
Accessories & Options
 Wall mounting brackets (500 lbs maximum)
 Weather Shields (UL-3R)
 Stainless Steel Enclosures
 Totally enclosed non-ventilated designs (TENV)
 Open core and coil designs
 Copper Wound designs
Low Voltage
 A low voltage transformer is an electrical device that transforms line
voltage (usually 120 volts but sometimes 277 volts) into 12 volts or
24 volts (low voltage)
 It is sometimes made by winding two wires around an iron core with
one wire connected to the primary side (line voltage side) and the
second wire connected to the secondary side (low voltage side)
 In the case of low voltage halogen or low voltage xenon lighting the
low voltage transformer has an input or primary voltage of 120 volts
(sometimes 277 volts) and an output or secondary voltage of 12
volts or 24 volts
K-Factor Transformers
 K-factor is a weighting of the harmonic load currents according to their
effects on transformer heating, as derived from ANSI/IEEE C57.110. A Kfactor of 1.0 indicates a linear load (no harmonics). The higher the K-factor,
the greater the harmonic heating effects.
 When a non-linear load is supplied from a transformer, it is sometimes
necessary to derate the transformer capacity to avoid overheating and
subsequent insulation failure.
 The reason for this is that the increased eddy currents caused by the
harmonics increase transformer losses and thus generate additional heat.
 The K-Factor is used by transformer manufacturers and their customers to
adjust the load rating as a function of the harmonic currents caused by the
load(s).
K-Factor Transformers (Cont.)
 Conductors to carry harmonics of a K-rated load without exceeding
insulation temperature ratings
 UL 1561 listed up to K-20 rated protection
 Rated temperature rise of 150°C, 220°C insulation
 Shielded for quality power
 Basic design takes "stray losses" into account and functions within
safe operating temperatures
 Core and coil design engineered to manage the zero sequence flox
caused by triplen harmonics
 Provides 100% rated current without overheating the windings or
saturating the core
K-Factor Transformer
Accessories & Options
 Wall mounting brackets (500 lbs maximum) (Item WB1C)
 Weather Shields (UL-3R)
 Totally enclosed non-ventilated designs (TENV) (Non UL)
 Low temperature rise units available
 Open core and coil designs (UL Recognized)
 Copper Wound designs
 Alternate voltages
 Complaint to NEMA TP-1 Standards
Hazardous Location Transformers
 Encapsulated transformers are rated for Hazardous Locations
(Class 1, Division 2, Group A-D) as well as harsh industrial
environments.
 Encapsulation and rugged NEMA 3R enclosures protect the
transformer from dust, moisture, and provide extra shock and
vibration resistance.
Hazardous Location
Transformers Features
 .05 - .250 kVA Single Phase Units
 UL-3R non-encapsulated enclosure for indoor or outdoor service
 Low temperature rise, UL Class 130°C or 80°C insulation system,
80°C temperature rise under full load
 Conduit knockouts for side entry into roomy wiring compartment
 Copper lead wire terminations
 Class 1, Division 2
Hazardous Location
Transformers Features
.50 – 25 kVA Single Phase & 3-45 kVA Three Phase Units
UL-3R encapsulated enclosure for indoor and outdoor service
Electrostatically shielded for quality power on sizes 1 kVA and larger
UL Class 180°C or 200°C insulation system, 115°C temperature rise
under full load
 Conduit knockouts for side entry into wiring compartment
 Copper lead wire terminations
 .500 - 45 KVA units are encapsulated with electrical grade silica
sand and epoxy for industrial applications
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Hazardous Location Accessories &
Options
 Wall Mounting Brackets (500 lbs maximum)
 Weather Shields
 Stainless Steel Enclosures
 Totally Enclosed non-ventilated designs (TENV)
 Open core and coil Designs
 Copper Wound Designs
 NEMA 4/12 or 4X Encapsulated Enclosures
 Low Temperature Designs available
Buck-Boost Transformers
 Buck-Boost transformers are single phase, four winding
transformers designed for two purposes
 The first purpose is as a low voltage isolation transformer for use on
12, 16, 24, 32, or 48 colt circuits. When used as low voltage
transformers, Buck-Boost transformers have capacities of .050 kVA
to 5.0 kVA
 Their second, and more important use, is as a "Buck-Boost"
transformer. Buck-Boost means that these transformers are used to
buck (lower) or boost (increase) line voltage to match required load
voltage
 Buck-Boost transformers are used to correct consistently low or high
voltage conditions, where the voltage difference ranges from
approximately 5% to 27%
Buck-Boost Transformers
Applications
 The most common applications for these transformers are boosting
208 volt lines to 230 or 240 volts, and vice-versa
 These applications include both single and three phase lines and
are particularly common in HVAC applications for airconditioning
appliances
 Buck-Boost transformers are very well suited to motor loads,
boosting 240 to 277 for lighting loads and many applications where
nominal voltage is above or below 120 volts
 Their use should be considered where supply line voltage is found
to be consistently above or below desired nominal values of load
voltage
Drive Isolation Transformers
 For SCR (Silicon Control Rectifier) variable speed motor drive
applications, a transformer is needed to magnetically isolate the
incoming line from the motor drive.
 The transformer must also provide a voltage change to match the
required voltage of the SCR Drive.
 Standard designs are delta primary and wye secondary to match the
common power sources required in most three phase rectifier
circuits
 Drive isolation transformers are specifically designed to handle the
mechanical stresses, voltage demands and harmonics associated
with SCR applications
Drive Isolation Transformer Features
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Available from 7.5 thru 440 KVA, 3 Phase, 60 Hz
Isolation minimizes load disturbances caused by the SCR drive
UL-3R enclosures when used with optional weather shield
Taps on all units for adjustments to incoming source voltage. Full
capacity secondary neutral as required by the National Electric
Code.
 Shielding attenuates line to ground noise
Industrial Control Transformers
 Industrial Control Transformers are used to reduce supply voltages
to 230 volt or lower for the operation of electromagnetic devices
such as contactors, solenoids, relays and timers.
 They are designed to accommodate the momentary current inrush
caused when electromagnetic components are energized, without
sacrificing secondary voltage stability beyond practical limits.
 Available in sizes from 50va to 5000va
Industrial Control Accessories
 Primary fuse kits
 Class II CC dual element fuses
 Bussmann LPCC or Gould ATMR
 Secondary fuse kits
 Dual element slow-blow fuses
 Bussmann FNM or Gould TRM
Transformer Selection
 6 Step Selection Process
 Determine primary voltage and frequency (Example: 460v 60Hz)
 Determine the secondary voltage
 Determine the capacity required in volt amperes (VA or kVA)
 Determine if a single phase or three phase is required
 Determine if transformer needs to be open or enclosed
 Refer to appropriate manufacturer catalog for part number
selection
When To Use A Transformer
 A key application of transformers is to increase voltage before
transmitting electrical energy over long distances through wires
 By transforming electrical power to a high-voltage (and therefore
low-current) form for transmission and back again afterwards,
transformers enable economic transmission of power over long
distances
 Transformers have shaped the electricity supply industry, permitting
generation to be located remotely from points of demand
 Transformers are used extensively in electronic products to step
down the supply voltage to a level suitable for the low voltage
circuits they contain
Purchasing Information
 Sola
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Vendor number 783472
McAuliffe Sales (248) 545-7177
Tim Quinn (Outside Rep)
Gail House – McMc Purchasing Agent (8258630)
Available on SIMAN
 Acme
 Vendor number 47503
 Acme Electric (800) 334-5214
 Gail House – McMc Purchasing Agent (8258630)
 Dongan
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Vendor Number 782490
Bill Coombe Sales (734) 741-0030
Bill Coombe (Outside Rep)
Doug Trachy - McMc Purchasing Agent (3276215)
Purchasing Information (Cont.)
 Allen Bradley
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Vendor number 781180
Allen Bradley (248) 545-7177
Dan Paul (Outside Rep)
Patti Halloran – McMc Purchasing Agent (4827809)
 Marcie
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Vendor number 100000289
Marcie Electric (248) 486-1200
Mark Marcie (Outside Rep)
Doug Trachy – McMc Purchasing Agent (3276215)
 Daykin
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Vendor Number 100000219
Daykin Electric (734) 261-3310
Debbie Justin (Outside Rep)
Doug Trachy - McMc Purchasing Agent (3276215)
Purchasing Information (Cont.)
 Edwards
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Vendor number 782640
Electrical Sales (734) 453-6626
(Outside Rep)
Tom Korpieski – McMc Purchasing Agent (4282950)
 General Electric
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Vendor number 783164
GE Industrial Systems (800) 431-7867
???? (Outside Rep)
Joey Hardison – McMc Purchasing Agent (6364636)
Available on SIMAN
 Advance
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Vendor number 781087
McDonough & Associates (800) 322-2086
Jim McDonough (Outside Rep)
Vanessa Thomas – McMc Purchasing Agent (2348516)
Available on SIMAN
?Questions?
5 Questions
 In what year was the word “Transformer” first used?
 1886
 When selecting an Industrial Control Transformer, what
are the three main questions to ask the customer?
 Primary voltage, Secondary voltage and VA
 What type of Low Voltage Transformer do we stock at
the Front Counter?
 Edwards
 How many different types of Transformers were covered
in the presentation?
8
 What are the two NEMA ratings for explosion proof
Transformers?
 NEMA 4/12 & NEMA 4X
Chip Hoffman / Chris Staller
Cordsets & Prox Switches
December 17th, 2008