Transcript PSSE_2nd_generation_Wind_Models_final_Jay

Siemens Power Technologies International
2nd Generation Models for Modeling of
Renewable Sources (Wind & PV) in PSS®E
Presented by Jay Senthil and Yuriy Kazachkov, Siemens PTI
Renewable Energy Modeling task Force (REMTF) Workshop, Salt Lake City, June 17, 2014
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Answers for infrastructure and cities.
September 2002
Discussion Outline
• Representing wind turbines and Photo Voltaic (PV) in PSS®E Power Flow
• PSS®E Dynamic Simulation models of wind turbines and PV systems
• 2nd Generation Generic wind turbine and PV models in PSS®E
• Test results for 2nd Generation wind and PV models
• Parameterization of 2nd Generation Generic Model for Siemens 2.3 MW and 3
MW Wind machines
• Recent developments- Plant controller for multi-unit application
• Issues in Modeling of Wind and PV type devices
• Summary
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Representation of Wind Turbine
in PSS®E Power Flow
• Wind machine explicitly identified in power flow data
• Reactive power boundary conditions :
• Limits specified by QT and QB (i.e., same a non-wind machines)
• Limits determined from the machine’s active power output and a specified
power factor
• Fixed reactive power setting determined from the machine’s active power
output and a specified power factor (typical for induction machines)
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Modeling in Power Flow
- Real Power
• Direct MW dispatch as for conventional machines.
• User responsible for aggregation of original wind turbines to equivalent
machines.
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Modeling in Power Flow
- Reactive Power
Type 1 and Type 2 WTGs:
• If (for example), Qgen consumed is ½ Pgen (i.e. PF  0.9 under-excited):
For example, for WTG rated at 100 MW; Qgen = Qmin = Qmax = 50
Mvar; may want to provide 50 Mvar shunt capacitors at the
equivalent WTG terminals.
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Modeling in Power Flow
- Reactive Power
Type 3 and Type 4 WTGs:
• For fixed power factor (PFref) control,
set Qgen = Qmin = Qmax = Qref = Pgen  tan[arccos (PFref)]
• For steady-state voltage control using WTGs with PF range  0.95,
set Qmax = Pgen  tan[arccos (0.95)] =  Qmin
For example, for 100 MW WPP using WTGs with +/-0.95 PF range,
set Qmax = 33 Mvar and Qmin = 33 Mvar.
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Collector System Equivalencing Methodology
I
Computation of equivalent collector system parameters
for N wind turbine generators and I branches:
Z eq  Req  jX eq 
Z n
Example
(N=18, I=21)
Source: Dynamic Performance of Wind Power Generation Working Group – IEEE PES PSCE – Seattle, WA
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i 1
N
i
2
2
i
I
Beq   Bi
i 1
References
[1] WECC Wind Generator Modeling Group, “WECC Wind Power Plant Power
Flow Modeling Guide,” 2008.
[2] Muljadi, E.; Butterfield C.P.; Ellis, A.; Mechenbier, J.; Hocheimer, J.; Young,
R.; Miller, N.; Delmerico, R.; Zavadil, R.; Smith, J. C. “Equivalencing the Collector
System of a Large Wind Power Plant.” IEEE Power Engineering Society, General
Meeting, June 12-16, 2006, Montreal, Quebec.
[3] Wind Modeling IEEE Tutorial. 2008, Pittsburgh, PN; 2009, Seattle, WA
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Representation of Wind Turbine
in PSS®E Dynamic Simulation
• User prepares dynamic raw data file (“dyr” file) by following example in
modeling package documentation
• Two distinct groups of Wind Models:
• Vendor specific models: are provided as user-written models.
• To represent these machines in power flow, designate the machines
as ‘Not a Wind Machine’ in the PSS®E power flow generator data
record.
• Models can be downloaded from:
• http://w3.usa.siemens.com/smartgrid/us/en/transmissiongrid/products/grid-analysis-tools/transmission-systemplanning/Pages/transmission-systemplanning.aspx?tabcardname=pss%c2%aee%20user%20support
• Generic Wind Models: these models are supplied as part of PSS®E library
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Generic Wind Models in PSS®E
• Siemens PTI has been closely involved in efforts of various WECC working
groups to develop generic models all 4 types (Types 1 through 4) for wind
turbines.
•
• Idea is to create generic models that are parametrically adjustable to represent
specific wind turbines available in the market.
• All 4 types became standard PSS®E models in Version 32 and above.
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PSS®E 1st Generation of Generic Wind Models
Generic model
WT1
WT2
WT3
WT4
Generator
WT1G
WT3G
WT3E
WT3T
WT3P
WT4G
WT4E
WT12T
WT2G
WT2E
WT12T
WT12A
WT12A
El. Controller
Turbine/shaft
Pitch control
Pseudo Governor: aerodynamics
Above generic model are available
as standard library model starting PSS®E 32
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2nd Generation Generic Wind Turbine Models
• PSS®E 2nd Generation Wind Models consistent with WECC REMTF
recommendations .
• Same set of models to represent different types manufacturers by changing
parameters.
• PSS®E Model names for 2nd generation models:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
REGCAU1: Generator converter model for Types 3, 4 & large scale PV
REECAU1: Electrical control model for Types 3 & 4
REECBU1: Electrical control model for large scale PV
REPCAU1: Plant control model for Types 3 & 4
WTDTAU1: Drive Train model for Types 3 & 4
WTPTAU1: Pitch control model for Type 3
WTARAU1: Aerodynamic model for Type 3
WTTQAU1: Torque control model for Type 3
• PSS ®E 33.4 and above for 2nd generation wind, PSS®E 33.5 and above for
large scale PV models
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Testing of 2nd Generation Models
41902
PV HIGH
-98.1
11.5R
-49.0
49.1
5.6
-5.6 5.6
1.05
0.0
-49.1
-5.6
-98.5
49.3
11.2
98.5
-1.2
41903
PV LOW
-98.5
1.2
1.05
2.6
0.98
8.4
• Details of Test Simulation:
•
•
•
•
Time step (Δt = ¼ cycle)
Run flat (no disturbance) for 1 s
Apply 3-phase fault at bus 41902, run to 1.1 s
Remove fault, trip branch between 41901 & 41906, run to 10 s
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100.0
0.3 -100.0
-0.3
-5.6
1.05
1.3
41904
PV LOW2
1.00
9.8
1
1
41906
MID LINE
1
5.6
1.06
49.2
1
41901
INFINITE
-49.0
100.0
41905
PV TERM
100.0
1
5.4R
5.4
1.00
12.7
Test results for 2nd Generation models
WT4 – plot of vt
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Test results for 2nd Generation models
WT4 – plot of pg
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Test results for 2nd Generation models
WT4 – plot of qg
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Test results for 2nd Generation models
WT3 – plot of vt
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Test results for 2nd Generation models
WT3 – plot of pg
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Test results for 2nd Generation models
WT3 – plot of qg
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Test results for 2nd Generation models
PV – plot of vt
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Test results for 2nd Generation models
PV – plot of pg
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Test results for 2nd Generation models
PV – plot of qg
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Parameterization of 2nd Generation Generic Model
for the 2.3 MW & 3 MW Siemens WT
• The 2nd generation Renewable Energy Generic Model includes several
features that can be successfully used in the course of parameterization of this
model for some vendor’s implementation.
• Couple of examples:
• Low Voltage Power Limit of the generator/converter REGCA module can be
used to simulate ramping up active power after fault clearing
• The drive train WTDTA module can be used for mimicking the action of the
controller responsible for damping of the machine rotor torsional oscillations
• Vdl1/Vdl2 look-up tables of the electrical control REECA module can be used
for simulating the P-Q capability of the unit under fault conditions.
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2.3 MW Siemens WT
Terminal Voltage (Close-in fault)
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2.3 MW Siemens WT
Power (Close-in fault)
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2.3 MW Siemens WT
Reactive current (Close-in fault)
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Recent Developments
Upgrade of the 2nd Generation RE plant controller
• Generic Renewable Plant Control Model REPCAU1 is designed to interact with
the local control of the single equivalent (aggregated) unit with control of active
and reactive power (Pref and Qref)
• Active power path is used for frequency control. The reactive power path may
be used to control either the POI voltage or reactive power interchange
between the plant and the grid or a power factor at the POI.
• Siemens PTI has upgraded the REPCAU1 model to a new REPCMU1 model
with the capability to supervise multiple WTGs.
• The new REPCMU1 user written model has the same dynamics of the active
and reactive power paths as a standard REPCAU1 model and a provision to
supervise local controls of up to 150 WTGs.
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Testing with 4 WTGs supervised
by REPCMU1 plant controller
POI Voltage (red), Command from the Plant Controller (blue) as a Response to Step Change
in Plant Controller Voltage Reference (black).
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Issues in Modeling of Wind & PV type devices
Issue 1: Fictitious Frequency Spikes
• Frequency Spike during and after the fault to prevent fictitious
frequency spikes.
• Problem is very acute in weak systems.
• Causes False Frequency Relay Trips.
• Temporary Solution:
• Disabling Frequency Relay during
fault.
• Long-term Solution:
• Better frequency calculation –
Siemens PTI is investigating this.
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Issues in Modeling of Wind & PV type devices
Issue 2: Network Non Convergence
• Problem: Network does not converge at the onset of the fault and after
fault clearing
• Possible Cause: During the fault,
• unlike synchronous machines, no inertia to fix Ө, and hence
possibly no voltage angle reference,
• WTG control model tries to control P,Q; it needs voltage angle
reference to compute the complex current for the given Ө.
• PSS®E uses current injection, in the example, voltage is
determined by current: YV = I
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Summary
• 2nd Generation wind models are available in PSS®E starting Version 33.4.
• 2nd Generation PV models are available in PSS®E starting Version 33.5.
• Models can be parametrically adjusted to represent any specific wind turbines
available in the market.
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Questions?
Siemens PTI
400 State Street
Schenectady, NY 12305
(518) 395-5013
(518) 395-5132
E-mail:
[email protected]
[email protected]
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