Transcript RD07_gan - Indico

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Radiation-Hard Optical Link for SLHC
W. Fernando, K.K. Gan, A. Law, H.P. Kagan, R.D. Kass, S. Smith
The Ohio State University
M.R.M. Lebbai, P.L. Skubic
University of Oklahoma
June 28, 2007
K.K. Gan
RD07
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Outline
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Introduction
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Bandwidth of micro twisted-pair cables
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Bandwidth of fusion spliced SIMM-GRIN fiber
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Radiation hardness of PIN/VCSEL arrays
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Results on MT-style optical packages based on BeO
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Summary
K.K. Gan
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ATLAS Pixel Opto-Link Architecture
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ATLAS is a detector studying pp collisions of 14 TeV at CERN
u pixel detector is innermost tracker
u detector upgrade planned for Super-LHC in 2015
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micro twisted pairs decouple
8 m of rad-hard/low-bandwidth
pixel and opto module production SIMM fiber fusion spliced to 70 m
a simplify both production
rad-tolerant/medium-bandwidth
GRIN fiber
a upgrade based on current pixel link architecture
to take advantage of R&D effort and production experience?
K.K. Gan
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R&D Issues for SLHC
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bandwidth of ~ 1 Gb/s is needed
u can micro twisted pair transmit at this speed?
u can fusion spliced SIMM/GRIN fiber transmit at this speed?
can PIN/VCSEL arrays survive SLHC radiation dosage?
K.K. Gan
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Rise Time (20% - 80%) (ps)
Bandwidth of Micro Twisted Pairs
80 µm, 7.5 µm Ins, 2 turns/cm
127 µm, 9 µm Ins, 2 turns/cm
127 µm, 9 µm Ins, 4 turns/cm
100 µm, 12.5 µm Ins, 4 turns/cm
100 µm, 25 µm Ins, 2 turns/cm (current pixel cable)
100 µm, 25 µm Ins, 4 turns/cm
127 µm, 25 µm Ins, 2 turns/cm
1000
500
0
50
70
90
110
130
150
Length (cm)
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current pixel cable with thick insulation is quite optimum!
K.K. Gan
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Eye Diagrams
127 m cable
140 cm
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100 m current pixel cable
140 cm
60 cm
640 Mb/s
1280 Mb/s
transmission at 640 Mb/s is adequate
l transmission at 1280 Mb/s may be acceptable
l 127 m cable is slightly better
K.K. Gan
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Bandwidth of Fusion Spliced Fiber
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1 m GRIN fiber
8 + 80 m spliced SIMM/GRIN fiber
2 Gb/s
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K.K. Gan
transmission up to 2 Gb/s looks adequate
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Radiation Level at SLHC
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Optical link of current pixel detector is mounted on patch panel:
a much reduced radiation level:
u Si (PIN) @ SLHC:
n 2.5 x 1015 1-MeV neq/cm2
n 4.3 x 1015 p/cm2 or 114 Mrad for 24 GeV protons
u GaAs (VCSEL) @ SLHC:
n 14 x 1015 1-MeV neq/cm2
n 2.7 x 1015 p/cm2 or 71 Mrad for 24 GeV protons
u above estimates include 50% safety margin
K.K. Gan
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Requirements for PIN/VCSEL
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PIN:
u What is responsivity after irradiation?
u What is rise/fall time after irradiation?
VCSEL:
u driver chip most likely be fabricated with 0.13 m process
n nominal operating voltage is 1.2 V
n thick oxide option can operate at 2.5 V
a VCSELs must need < 2.3 V to produce 10 mA or more
u What is rise/fall time after irradiation?
u What is optical power after irradiation?
u What current is needed for annealing?
K.K. Gan
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PIN Responsivity
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Pre-irrad
Post-irrad
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Count
6
4
2
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Responsivity (A/W)
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K.K. Gan
responsivity decreases by 65% after SLHC dosage
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VCSEL LIV Characteristics
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2.5
OSU V0010 - Advanced Optical Components
4000
2.5
2
3000
2000
1
1000
Optowell
0
0
2
4
6
8
Current (mA)
10
2000
1
1000
0.5
0
1.5
0
0
2
Pre-irrad
OSU V005 - ULM 5 Gb/s
4000
4
6
8
Current (mA)
10
12
OSU V006 - ULM 10 Gb/s
2.5
4000
2.5
1
1000
0
2
6
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K.K. Gan
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6
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Current (mA)
10
2000
1
0.5
ULM 10G
0
0
1.5
1000
0.5
ULM 5G
2
3000
Power (μW)
1.5
2000
Voltage (V)
2
3000
Power (μW)
0.5
AOC
0
12
Voltage (V)
1.5
2
0
12
0
0
2
4
6
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Current (mA)
ULM requires higher voltage to operate
all arrays have very good optical power
RD07
Voltage (V)
3000
Power (μW)
Power (μW)
4000
Voltage (V)
OSU V0012 - Optowell
10
12
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VCSEL Power vs Dosage
SLHC
0.6
40
0.4
20
0.2
0.0
0
100
2.4
Data Optical Power (mW)
200
Time (Hours)
300
ULM 5G
2.8
Ch 1
Ch 2
Ch 3
Ch 4
Ch 5
Ch 6
Ch 7
Dose
2.0
1.6
20
0.4
100
200
Time (Hours)
300
40
0.3
20
0.0
0
1.2
40
0.8
AOC
100
60
60
0.6
1.5
80
80
71 MRad
0.9
120
1.2
0
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0
400
71 MRad
0.0
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60
100
Ch 1
Ch 2
Ch 3
Ch 4
Ch 5
Ch 6
Ch 7
Dose
1.2
120
0
400
100
200
Time (Hours)
ULM 10G
0
400
120
100
Ch 1
Ch 2
Ch 3
Ch 4
Ch 5
Ch 6
Ch 7
Dose
0.9
300
Dose (Mrads)
80
71 MRad
AOC
80
71 MRad
60
0.6
40
0.3
Dose (Mrads)
0.8
1.5
Data Optical Power (mW)
1.0
100
Data Optical Power (mW)
Ch 1
Ch 2
Ch 3
Ch 4
Ch 5
Ch 6
Ch 7
Dose
1.8
Dose (Mrads)
Data Optical Power (mW)
1.2
120
Dose (Mrads)
Optowell
1.4
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20
0.0
0
100
200
Time (Hours)
300
0
400
Optowell survives to SLHC dosage
more VCSELs might survive with more annealing during irradiation
K.K. Gan
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Opto-Pack Development
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current pixel detector uses Taiwan optical packages
n VCSEL mounted on PCB with poor heat conduction
n micro soldering of 250 m leads is difficult
Ohio State develops new opto-pack for SLHC
n uses BeO base with 3D traces for efficient heat removal
n wire bond to driver/receiver chip
OSU
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Taiwan
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Results on Opto-Packs
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30 VCSEL/PIN opto-packs have been fabricated
u all VCSEL opto-packs have good coupled power
a
principle of new opto-pack has been demonstrated
1 cm
3000
MT ferrule
Power
( W)
2000
1000
VCSEL array
V012 Optowell
V013 Optowell
V002 AOC
V010 AOC
V004 ULM 5Gb/s
V005 ULM 5Gb/s
V006 ULM 10Gb/s
V007 ULM 10Gb/s
0
1
3
5
7
9
11
Channel
K.K. Gan
Ceramic guide pin
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Summary
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micro twisted-pair cable of current ATLAS pixel detector
can be used for transmission up to 1 Gb/s
fusion spliced SIMM/GRIN fiber can transmit up to 2 Gb/s
PIN responsivity decreases by 65% after SLHC dosage
Optowell VCSEL survives SLHC dosage
current opto-link architecture satisfies SLHC requirements
compact MT-style opto-pack based on BeO has been developed
K.K. Gan
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