Transcript Hardware PowerPoint

Personal Computer
Adapted by Dr. Semmes from Mrs. Jungman’s Hardware
Presentation and Mrs. Belisle’s Class Notes
System Unit
The Motherboard
Main circuit board in the
system unit
 Contains many
electronic
components
 “backbone” of
computer

Central Processing Unit
(CPU, Processor, Microprocessor)
What are the components of the
central processing unit?
CPU
Control Unit
Arithmetic/
Logic Unit
(ALU)
Central Processing Unit
What is a machine cycle?
 Together
the four operations of the CPU comprise a
machine cycle
A student enters a
Step 1: The control
math problem into
unit fetches the
the memory of the
math problem from
computer
Step
memory
Step2:
3:The
Thecontrol
ALU
unit
executes
decodes
the the
math
math
problem
problem and
Step 4: The
sends it to the ALU
results of the
math problem are
stored in memory
The result in
memory displays
on the screen of
the monitor
Central Processing Unit
How is the speed of the CPU measured?

According to
how many
millions of
instructions per
second (MIPS) it
can process
Data Representation
What is the binary system?


A number system that has just two unique digits, 0 and 1
• A single digit is called a bit (binary digit)
• A bit is the smallest unit of data the computer can represent
• By itself a bit is not very informative
The two digits represent the two off and on states
Binary
Digit (bit)
Electronic
Charge
Electronic
State
Data Representation
What is a byte?


Eight bits are grouped together to form a byte
0s and 1s in each byte are used to represent
individual characters such as letters of the
alphabet, numbers, and punctuation
8-bit byte for the number 3
8-bit byte for the number 5
8-bit byte for the capital letter T
Data Representation

American Standard
Code for Information
Interchange (ASCII)
Memory
How are bytes
stored?
•
•



Bytes are the basic storage
unit in memory
Each byte is stored at a
specific location in memory
called an address
Each address has a
unique identifying number,
like the seats on an
airplane
Each address can hold
only a single byte
Each address can be full
or empty
seat C22
seat B22
seat A22
Memory
How is memory measured?

Size of memory is measured by the number of
bytes available
• Kilobyte - 1,024 bytes
• Megabyte - one million bytes
Memory
How are applications transferred in and out of RAM?
Step 1: When your
computer is
Step 2: When you
running, certain
start a word
operating
system
Step
3: When
you
processing
program
files
are
in RAM.
quit
Word,
RAM
may
Step
Step
such
5:
4:asWhen
When
Word,
you
you
the
Shown
here
is the
be
used
toloads
store
quit
start
program
Excel,
a spreadsheet
RAM
into
may
operating
system’s
another
program
be
program
RAM
used
from
to
such
store
a hard
as or
user
interface.
data.
The
program
another
Excel,
disk. As
the
program
you
program
create
or
is
the
data.
loads
a removed
document,
Excel
into RAM
isfrom
it is
from
in
screen
and
the
removed
aRAM
hardand
disk.
from
displays
Asyour
you
operating
system’s
screen
create
on your
and
a spreadsheet,
screen.
the
user
operating
it is ininterface
RAM
system’s
and
redisplays.
user
displays
interface
on your
redisplays.
screen.
Storage
(hard
disk)
RAM
Semiconductors, Chips
Transistors
Hard Drive
• Primary Storage
• Reads and Writes to
hard disk
• Measured in
gigabytes
Power Supply
• Provides
Power
• Regulates
Voltage
Let’s Go Shopping
• Processor (CPU)
How Fast?
• Memory
Dell Website
Dell Outlet
How Much?
• Hard Drive
How Big?
• Operating System
Windows XP
• Warranty
Printout Info and Make Slide
Use
Your
Own
Data
22hardware
• dellchoice.ppt is file for your slide ($2600
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• hardware.doc has questions you should
answer