Transcript Tools and Equipment

GCSE Resistant Materials
Tools and Equipment
Summer Examination 2015
Sawing
There are a number of saws available that are used for wasting and shaping
materials. The teeth of a saw a bent outwards slightly, which provides clearance to
prevent the saw jamming. This does mean that there is a cut slightly wider than the
width of a blade.
Tennon saw: the blade is stiffened to make straight cuts.
It is used to cut wood to the correct length.
Coping saw: used for cutting metal and plastic as well as
thinner woods, the coping saw has a fine blade that is ideal
for cutting materials at angles, or curves. The teeth on a
coping saw face back towards the handle.
Hack saw: used to cut metals and plastics, the hack saw has
finer teeth that face forward and the blade is held in tension
with a screw.
Junior Hack saw: this is a smaller version of a hacksaw and
has a smaller blade and frame, for smaller materials.
Hand Tools
Shaping
Materials can be shaped using a variety of hand tools. They cut and
remove materials. These tools need to be kept sharp.
Chisels: chisels can be used for removing waste materials as well as
shaping. A firmer chisel is for general purposes, a bevel edged
chisel is for working with awkward corners, and a mortise chisel is
for removing mortises.
Files: Files are used when working with metal and plastic, and have
a range of shapes depending on the job. You use a file in one of
two ways, draw filing, and cross filing. Draw filing is for achieving a
smooth finish, and cross filing is for going across the material.
Plane: A plane is used mostly with wood, it can be used on plastic
but blunts the blade quickly. A plane is used primarily for removing
shavings of wood, to reduce the size of the material. You shouldn’t
plane across the materials grain.
Hand Tools
Tape Measure: for measuring an object
Spirit level: for checking an object is level, vertically or horizontally.
G-cramp: is used for securing material.
Hand drill: for creating holes in material.
Bradawl: for scribing into material when screwing or nailing
Marking Gauge: for marking onto materials.
Tri-Square: for marking lines at a 90 degree angle
Screw driver: for screwing into a material.
Hammer/Mallet: for tapping tools when chiseling, assembling etc.
Hand Tools
Machine tools
Pillar drill: a pillar drill can be used on most materials, and the
handle offers a mechanical advantage, so less effort is
required when drilling materials. The material can be clamped
to a table. A depth stop, and a chick allow the drill bit to be
held steady so more precision is achieved.
Belt/Disc Sander: can be used for trimming accurately to a
line, or making a material flat. Machine has guards and dust
extractors for safety.
Wood lathe: machine uses a turning action to shape materials
that are held securely and rotated. A turning or cutting tool is
used to add a design or shape to the material. An example
would be a table leg.
Power tools
Machine tools
Band Saw: a single circular blade is held into place in the
machine and rotates to cut material. Blades are flexible steel
and come in a variety of sizes. Smaller versions of the band
saw are available for students to use in schools under close
supervision.
Scroll Saw: uses a small blade which is held in place and
moves in an up and down motion to cut finer shapes into
material. Often referred to as a Hegner saw.
Milling Machine: a rotating multi-toothed cutter shapes
materials, using a high level of precision. The machine can
move in 3 axes (x,y,z) depending on the job being performed.
Power tools
Cordless drill: the cordless drill uses a low voltage, rechargeable
battery to offer a safe alternative to a hand drill. The clutch
activates the drill that has a number of speed settings, and can
be used as a screw driver.
Jigsaw: can be used for making cuts into material. The jigsaw has
a number of blade thicknesses and works with a number of
materials. The jigsaw created a vibrating motion so securing
work is needed.
Palm Sander: the palm sander is a smaller version of a belt
sander. The sand paper can be changed and the machine is
ergonomically designed to fit into the users palm. Materials
being sanded should be clamped.
Router: the router can produce slots, shapes and decorate the
edge of woods.
Hand Held Power tools
Practice Question