Transcript MICA: A Wireless Platform for Deeply Embedded Networks

MICA: A Wireless Platform for
Deeply Embedded Networks
By Jason L. Hill, David E. Culler
Presented By Charuka Silva
Application Possibilities for
Miniature Wireless Sensing
Devices
• Road side traffic pattern and open parking
spot detection
• Individual plant monitoring for precession
agriculture
• Advanced building security and automation
• To gauge the structural integrity of building
and bridge after earthquakes and fires
Low Power Peer to Peer Ad-hoc
Networks
• Local communication and application
specific protocol drastically reduce size ,
cost and power use
• Peer-to-peer networking techniques provide
flexible mesh like interconnect, which
shuttles data between thousands of tiny
embedded devices
Ad-hoc Wireless Embedded
Network For Precession
Agriculture
Contd..
• Sensors detect
– Temperature
– Light Levels
– Soil Measure at hundreds of points accrossed
the field
• New algorithms for data aggregation, adhoc routing and distributed signal
processing for low power peer to peer adhoc networks
MICA Wireless Platform
• Measures 1.25 X 2.25 inches
• Runs TinyOS operating system
• Suited for self configuring multihop wireless
networks
• Has sensing, communication and I/O capabilities
• Simultaneously act as a data router, sensor
interface and control point.
Contd…
• To explore novel systems approaches,
researchers can develop customized
protocols tailored to their application; Mica
does not require use of predefined protocols.
• provides a set of richly interconnected
primitives (such as data serializers and timing
extractors) to facilitate cross-layer
optimizations.
Contd..
• Design of power and time efficient primitives
improve key system capabilities including low
power device startup, time synchronization,
power aware routing and localization.
• The standby current for MICA’s components
is few microamps; can run application several
years on one battery.
Contd..
• Expansion bus connects to wide array of
sensors improving experimental flexibility.
• Batch of sensor board include support for
monitoring thermal temperature, barometric
pressure, magnetic fields, light, passive
infrared frequency, acceleration, vibration
and acoustics
MICA Node
Wireless Design Comparison For
Deeply Embedded Systems
1. Power consumption must be drastically
reduced.
– Power consumption must average in the
microamps range, requiring powering
down most of the device much of the time
2. Many deeply embedded systems
cannot rely on a predeployed,
powerful infrastructure for support.
Contd..
– In a peer-to-peer multihop network, typically,
only the last hop communicate with the
base station
– most of the nodes would be located
outside of the station’s direct
communication range.
• Most wireless devices carry out a
single, highly standardized function.
– deeply embedded networks must be
suited to a wide variety of applications;
requires a more general-purpose system
MICA Block Diagram
MICA Architecture Overview
• Consists of five major modules
–
–
–
–
Processing
Power Management
I/O Expansion
Secondary Storage
• Processor
– The main microcontroller is Atmega 103L
– Normally programmed at manufacturing time, but MICA
enables dynamic re-programming during routine use.
– Coprocessor handles wireless reprogramming.
• MICA Radio Module
– RF Monolithics TR1000 transceiver and set of discrete
components
– Software can externally set the transmission radius
ranging from inches to hundred feets
– Radio interface give direct control over the transmitted
signal,allowing the modulation scheme, coding, framing
and MAC protocol to be determined in software
• I/O Expansion
– Use to interface variety of sensing and
programming boards.
– Expansion connector can program and connect
to other devices. Eg. PC as a gateway
– Can control or provide data to any RS-232
protocol based device.
• Power Management
– Regulate system’s supply voltage
– Operates with inexpensive alkaline batteries
• Storage
– 4Mbit Atmel AT45DB041B serial flash is used
– Stores sensor data logs and temporarily holds
program images received over the network
interface.
Today’s MICA
• Many research groups in the US that are
exploring deeply embedded sensor
networking use MICA node as a foundation
for their researches
• A single-chip version of the architecture is in
development. It will generalize MICA
architecture, provide additional accelerator
and drastically reduce standby power
consumption.
Thank you