Transcript “Reactive” Power - Electric Power Research Institute

Year 2006 Report
“Better” Managed and
Controlled Transmission Grids
using
Advanced Technological Concepts
Aty Edris
EPRI
Power Delivery & Markets
[email protected]
Challenges
• Full Use of Transmission
Capacity
• Maintain Power Delivery
Stability, Power and
Voltage Stabilities
• Power Flow Control and Management,
Real and “Reactive” Power
© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2
R&D Work in 2006
• Reactive Power Management
• Operator/planner training simulator for the use of
advanced technological Concepts
• Grid Shock Absorber Concept
• Bidirectional HVDC Valve and Tripole HVDC
• ETO-Based STATCOM for Wind Farm
• FACTS Technology- Information and Knowledge
Sharing
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3
EPRI Interregional Reactive Power
Management Initiative
Need
Focused Analysis of Reactive Power and Voltage Control In
Large Interconnected Transmission Grids
Expected Results
Demonstration of Reactive Power-Voltage Control Management
Strategy for Prevention or Mitigation of Voltage Instability and
Cascaded Failure Problems
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Interrgional Reactive Power Management
EPRIs Interregional Reactive Power Management project aims at
developing better methods for efficient use of reactive power
resources and voltage control in order to improve power system
operation reliability, security, and the functioning of markets.
Reactive power planning is a key component. New methods are
needed to help planners design systems which remain strong and
robust under all conditions and contingencies.
2006 Results
Development of highly automated method which identify
“critical voltage control areas” in a system (for wide
ranging topology, conditions, transfers and
contingencies) and the required reactive power reserve
solutions which will ensure system security.
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Voltage Control Area- Changing Shape and size
with Load Levels and/or Transmission Contingencies
Load Increase and/or Transmission Contingencies
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6
Planner/Operator Training Simulator
CSC Schematic Structure
11 Operating Configurations Modes
Marcy Convertible Static Compensator
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Planner/Operator Training Simulator for Advanced
Transmission Technological Concepts
Technical update, Product ID#1012411
UPFC control diagram
Setpoints
Excel
file
Excel
file
Station one-line diagram
System
Configuration
System
Voltages
and Flows
Dispatch
Training Simulator System
Compiled MATLAB code
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8
SM
Grid Shock Absorber
“Grid Shock Absorber” Implementation On Eastern
Interconnection (EI)
The idea !
Implementation of EPRI Converter-Based
BTB Technology
MW
Area 1
Area 2
V
V2
V1
Coupling
Transformer
Coupling
Transformer
Generator 2
ac terminal
Generator 1
ac terminal
AT AC TERMINAL 1
P1 < 0
Q1 > 0
P1 > 0
Q1 > 0
P1 < 0
Q1 < 0
P1 > 0
Q1 < 0
Vga
Vgc
Vgb
System variables
Vga
Vgc
Vgb
Control
P1
Switching Parameter References Switching
converter
setting I
converter
dc
+
+
C
MVA limit
AT AC TERMINAL 2
Vg
Vg
Q1
V
DC terminal
P1 = -P2
© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
P2 < 0
Q2 > 0
P2 > 0
Q2 > 0
P2 < 0
Q2 < 0
P2 > 0
Q2 < 0
P2
C
DC terminal
Vdc
Q2
Vdc
MVA limit
Voltage supported junctions
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“Grid Shock Absorber” Implementation On
Eastern Interconnection (EI)
A
D
E
Hydro
Quebec
Ontario
A
New
England
D
B
B
New
York
PJM
C
C
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Outside World
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Impact of Generation Trip on Power Flows
Case 1 – With ac links
G
Case 1 – With dc links
50 MW
1625 MW
G
A
1625 MW
1150 MW
G
2775 MW
500 MW
B
150 MW G
G
1200 MW
50 MW
2225 MW
G
BB
D
100 MW
C
G
1200 MW
100 MW
D
450 MW
G
A
600 MW
400 MW
500 MW
600 MW
G
Case 1 – With ac links
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C
Case 1 – With dc links
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Impact of Generation Trip On System Dynamics
AC Links
DC Links
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Technical Assessment of Grid Shock Absorber
Impact of “Larger” Generation Trip on Power
Proof of Concept
Flows
Product ID # 1014494
110
Case 2 – With ac links
G
A
2700 MW
1625 MW
Voltages (%)
100
100 MW
G
105
2600 MW
B
95
90
(a)
85
80
D
75
0.0
1.5
3.0
4.5
6.0
7.5
9.0
10.5
12.0
13.5
15.0
9.0
10.5
12.0
13.5
15.0
Time (s)
110
C
105
1550 MW
G
1625 MW
G
A
2700 MW
100
Voltages (%)
Case 2 – With dc links
95
90
85
(b)
1150 MW
80
2775 MW
850 MW
G
B
150 MW
D
150 MW
C
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75
0.0
1.5
3.0
4.5
6.0
7.5
Time (s)
Selected bus voltages with ac ties (a) and dc links (b) in place.
Voltages are not from the same buses in the two cases.
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Bidirectional HVDC Valve and Tripole Concepts
Objectives
•
•
•
•
Enabling power reverse on a DC
transmission, without reversing
Voltage Polarities at the
transmission ends
Tapping of existing HVDC lines
AC to DC line conversion
Providing a means for more reliable,
less costly applications of Cross
Link Polyethylene (XLPE) cable for
submarine & underground
© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
A
+
B
Pole 1
_
Pole 2
+/ _
Pole 3
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Conversion of an AC Line into a Tripole DC Line
• Higher $$/MW cost. Usually
offset by increased transmission
capacity
• About 40% more capacity
compared to a bipole using the
same 3-conductor system
• High redundancy: Loss of a
converter or pole position drops
just 16% of power at peak load
© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
+
Pole 1
i1
i2
Pole 2
+
Pole 3
i3
i ground = 0
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2007 Planned Activity - Tools for Assessing
Conversion of AC Power Transmission Lines to
Tripole DC Transmission
Phase I Objective - Feasibility Assessment Tools
-
An assessment of alternative dc configurations and system benefits.
Procedures, technical background and software references sufficient to
assess conversion of specific ac transmission structures to dc
HVDC
Guidance in the logistics of AC to DC conversion
500 kV
6000 MW
Phase II - Applications Studies
-
Assessment of ac to dc adaptation of existing transmission structures,
including maximum dc voltage
System load flow and dynamic solutions, including modeling of detailed dc
characteristics associated with various dc options
Cost/benefit analysis associated with conversion alternatives including
comparison with ac flow enhancement measures
HVAC
500 kV
6000 MW
Phase III - AC to DC Conversion Assessment Software
-
Software tool for AC/Tripole DC Transmission Conversion
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Challenges (Cost of Converter-based
Transmission Controllers!)
(25%)
Higher Cost
Better Performance
Versatile Functionality
20
50
ConverterBased
Lower Cost
Limited Performance
Single Functionality
ThyristorBased
$ $$ $
$ $ $ $ $
Cost Breakdown
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ETO- Technical Characteristics
• 5000A Snubber-less Turn-off
Capability
• Low Switching losses &
Conduction losses
• Low Cost Device and Circuit
• Easy for Series and Parallel
Operation
• Low Gate Drive Power
• Built-in Over-Current
Protection and Current Sensor
• Easy for Mass-Production
© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
A
G
K
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Field Demonstration of ETO-Based STATCOM
•
5-10 MVA ETO-Based STATCOM
for Condon Windfarm
– Currently funded by BPA, TVA
and TriState G&T
Current Objectives
• Field demonstration of ETObased STATCOM, technically
and economically, in mitigating
voltage fluctuation due to a
wind-driven induction generator
Big Eddy 115 kV
24
mi.
Klondike (wind)
De Moss 69 kV
BPA Network
Proposed Condon Wind
STATCOM Project
Klondike (wind)
Rose bush (customer)
Gordon Hollow (customer)
34 mi.
Condon Wind
STATCOM
Maupin 115 kV
Condon (customer)
Maupin 69 kV
18 mi.
Fossil 69 kV
15 mi.
Muddy Ranch Antelope
(customer) (customer)
Bakeoven
(customer)
21 mi.
7 mi.
69KV (69 kV) @ CONDWIND: KV (62290), Date 5/5/2005-5/7 /2005
72.8
72.6
72.4
72.2
72.0
71.8
71.6
KV
71.4
71.2
71.0
70.8
70.6
Time
8-May-2005 00:00
7-May-2005 18:00
7-May-2005 12:00
7-May-2005 06:00
7-May-2005 00:00
6-May-2005 18:00
© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
6-May-2005 12:00
6-May-2005 06:00
6-May-2005 00:00
5-May-2005 18:00
5-May-2005 12:00
5-May-2005 06:00
5-May-2005 00:00
70.4
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FACTS Technology- Information and Knowledge
Sharing
• Annual meeting, 9th FACTS Users Group meeting
• Reference Book, EPRI Power Electronics-Based
Transmission Controllers Reference Book (“The Gold
Book”)
• EPRIFACTS.Com
© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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9th FACTS Users Group Meeting
Annual meeting
• Session A: Hydro Quebec’s Variable Frequency
Transformer (VFT)
• Session B: FACTS Controllers, Applications and
Operating Experience
• Session C: Power Electronics-Based Controllers,
New Project Opportunities
• Session D: Power Electronics-Based Controllers,
Technology Development
• Session E: Manufacturers Panel session
© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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EPRI Power Electronics-Based
Transmission Controllers Reference Book
EPRI Power Electronics-Based Transmission
Controllers Reference Book
(“The Gold Book”)
The objectives of this book are to:
• provide the utility members with
historical perspectives
2006 Progress Report
1012414
• basic design considerations
• factory testing, site installations,
commissioning
• operating performance, operation
and maintenance, and
• future trends
© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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EPRI Power Electronics-Based
Transmission Controllers Reference Book
Written Chapters (five)
• Alternating Current (AC)
Transmission Systems
EPRI Power Electronics-Based Transmission
Controllers Reference Book
(“The Gold Book”)
2006 Progress Report
1012414
• Power Semiconductors and Valves
• Generalized AC Transmission
Controllers:
Unified Power Flow Controller and
Interline Power Flow Controller
• Voltage Sourced Converter-Based DC
Transmission
• AC to Tripole DC Transmission
Conversion
Ten more Chapters to be written
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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Questions?
Together…..Shaping the Future of Electricity
© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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