Transcript Basic Electricity - Convergence Technology Center

BASIC ELECTRICITY
LEARNING OUTCOME
The basic study of the principals of electricity
OBJECTIVES
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Describe the parts of an atom.
Explain conductors and Insulators
Define electrical terms
Demonstrate electrical color code
Describe and verify Ohms law
THE ATOM
• To understand electricity you must
understand the atom.
• The Atom is made up of three main parts.
– Protons
– Electrons
– Neutrons
Clipart by MS Clipart 2013
THE COMPONENTS
• Protons are at the center of the atom with a
positive charge.
• The Neutrons are also at the center of the
atom with neither a negative or positive
charge.
• The Electrons are attracted to the protons
and create an orbit around them with a
negative charge
THE PRINCIPAL
• Because the electrons are positive and the
protons are negative they are attracted to
each other.
• The energy located in the electrons is
called the electromotive force and keeps
the electron in motion in orbit around the
center.
• The charge is the characteristic of a
material that enables it to exert force on
another material.
ELECTRIC FLOW
• The flow of electrons occurs when a
conductor has a negative voltage
connected to one end and a positive
connected to the other end.
• Conductors allow electricity to flow freely
while insulators restrict or inhibit the flow
electricity.
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
• Conductors- metals make great conductors
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Gold
Copper
Tin
Silver
• Insulators- Non-metals make great
insulators
– Glass
– Rubber
– Plastics
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
• Copper allow the electricity to flow while
the plastic insulator keeps the electricity in
CURRENT
• Current flows in a loop from negative to
positive.
TYPES OF CURRENT
• AC(Alternating Current)- Alternating current
flows from 0v to a Positive peak value to a
negative peak value overtime. Powers our
homes and offices through the wall
• DC(Direct Current)- Direct Current has a
consistent and steady positive voltage over
time. Powers our cars, flashlights and cell
phones through batteries.
DC-DIRECT CURRENT
AC-ALTERNATING CURRENT
TERMS
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Volt
Amp
Current
Resistors
Watts
Ohms
Capacitors
Inductors
Transformers
Grounding
TERMS
• Volts - is the unit of measure for the voltage
of a circuit
• Amp - is the unit of measure for the current
of a circuit.
• Current - is the flow of electron in a circuit.
• Resistors - Provide opposition to the flow of
electrons in a circuit.
TERMS
• Watts - is the amount of power or work a
circuit is using.
• Ohms - is the unit of measure for
resistance.
• Capacitor - Stores electricity
• Inductor - Resists changes in current
• Grounding - Diverts unwanted or unused
electricity.
RESISTORS-COLOR CODE
Digit
Multiplier
Tolerance
Black
0
1
10^0
1%
Brown
1
10
10^1
2%
Red
2
100
10^2
3%
Orange
3
1000
10^3
4%
Yellow
4
10000
10^4
Green
5
100000
10^5
Blue
6
1000000
10^6
Violet
7
10000000
10^7
Grey
8
100000000
10^8
White
9
Gold
0.1
5%
Silver
0.01
10%
None
20%
RESISTOR-VALUE
• What is the Value?
RESISTOR-VALUE
• Value 22000000 Or 22Meg Ohms
RESISTOR-VALUE
• What is the Value?
RESISTOR-VALUE
• Value 4100 or 4.1K Ohms
OHMS LAW
V= I x R
VOLTAGE (V) OR (E)
• Can be found with:
• V=IxR
• V= P/I
• The square root of (RXP)
CURRENT (I)
• Can be found with:
• P/V
• V/R
• Square root of (P/R)
RESISTANCE (R)
• Can be found with:
• V/I
• V^2/P
• P/I^2
POWER (P)
• Can be found with:
• VxI
• RxI^2
• V^2/R
SERIES- CIRCUIT
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
ELECTRICAL SWITCHES
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Toggle
Slider
Dip
Rotary
POWER PROBLEMS
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Surge
Over Voltage
Under Voltage
Brownouts
Spikes
Sags
POWER PROBLEMS
• Surge - A large boost of electricity at least
15-20% above the rated amount.
• Spike - A very large as high as 10000 volts
• Sag - A drop in the total voltage that can
last up to a couple of minutes.
• Brownout - A stress on a power brought
on usually by hot or cold spells. Can
sometimes last for days.
GROUNDING
• Grounding is necessary to provide a direct
path for excess electrical current.
QUESTIONS
• Michael Harsh [email protected]
All graphics were created by Mike Harsh and used with permission unless otherwise noted.
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1205077 and Grant
No. 0903239. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the
author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.