Transcript Introducing UL Subject 8750

Introducing UL Subject 8750:
Outline of Investigation for LEDs used Lighting Products
August 25, 2009
Prepared by: Rahul Mehta
Topics for Discussion
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An Introduction to LED
Overview of Outline of
Investigation
What Are LED’s?
• LED is an acronym for Light Emitting Diode
• Instead of a filament type use semiconductor diode which emits
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narrow spectrum light.
Depending on the composition & condition of the semiconductor
material used (silicon, germanium), they come in either Infrared for
sensing heat, Visible for every day use, or Near-Ultraviolet for spotting
stains at a crime-scene.
An LED consists of a chip of semiconducting material that has been
“doped” with impurities in order to create a P-N junction.
A P-N junction is basically a junction between an anode and cathode.
Current flows easily from P-side to N-side, but never in reverse order.
The wavelength and the color of the LED depends on the band-gap
energy of the materials forming the P-N junction.
Where do we see LED’s?
Everywhere!!
Current uses of LED’s
• Status indicators on all sorts of equipment: your cell phone, computer,
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monitor, stereo
Traffic lights
Architectural lighting
Exit signs
Motorcycle and bicycle lights
Railroads crossing signals
Flashlights
Emergency Vehicle lighting
Message displays at airports, railways, bus stations, trams, trolleys, and
ferries
Military and Tactical missions utilize red and/or yellow lights to retain night
vision.
Movement Sensors
LCD backlight in televisions
Christmas Lights
LED’s Vs. Incandescent’s
Incandescent
LED
Positives
• Cheap to manufacture & buy
• Easier to come by
• Generally stronger light output
• Better for seeing through Fog and
Smoke
Negatives
• VERY breakable
• Horrible patterns in light
• Hot burning
• Heavy on battery consumption
• Short lifespan
• Yellowish color filters out anything
with yellow in it, IE: White looks
yellow, yellow doesn’t show, red
looks brown, green looks black.
Positives
• Virtually indestructible
• 100,000 hour lifespan
• Low energy consumption
• Symmetrical beam with little-to-no
artifacts
• Cheap to manufacture
• Available in a multitude of colors
without requiring a filter.
• Pure white light means no color
will be filtered out.
• Low functioning temperature
Negatives
• Less potential output (for now)
• Slightly more expensive to
purchase
Potential Benefits of LED
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Potential to be highly energy efficient
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Directional beam puts light where needed
Potential to be cost effective
Potential for very long life
Impact and vibration resistant
Small size enables new fixture and system
designs
Potential uses in the future
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LED’s are already being used in tail-lights for cars, and some
companies like Lexus are experimenting with LED headlights
Home lighting: Imagine a “light-bulb” with 100,000 constant hours
of use. In other words:
100,000 hours/24 hours a day = 4,166 days
4,166 days/365 days a year = 11.4 years.
Not only will the light bulb last for 11.4 years, but it will also require
much less current than a traditional light-bulb. If one LED-light
bulb requires half the energy of one Incandescent light-bulb, we
may not have to suffer through rolling blackouts ever again!
LED’s are already getting brighter. Here is an example of one of
the most recent LED’s to hit the market titled the “Luxeon Rebel”.
It is both twice as bright, and uses half the current of it’s
predecessor of only 2 years.
Technology will eventually dictate that LED’s are the light source
of the future.
Impact of LED’s on the world of Business
• With the horizons of LED technology broadening, many light
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manufacturer’s are putting their top scientists to work:
Maglite, for instance, always made Incandescent lights, but have
recently begun creating drop-in LED modules for their incandescent
torches.
If one car company comes out with LED headlights that manage to
function at a higher efficiency and also increase output, it is inevitable
that all other car companies will follow. Nobody likes a burnt out
headlight!
Energy is an expensive commodity! The more money we can save on
energy, the more money we can spend on more important business
aspects. One office building that solely uses LED bulbs could save
thousands a year in Energy use alone.
What is an Outline of Investigation?
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Outline Of Investigation: A published document that
contains requirements that are used to certify a product
when a published Standard is not available.
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This is a collection of the requirements utilized by ETL
to certify LED lighting products to date.
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It serves as a guide for the investigation of LED
components for use in Lighting applications.
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It will become the base document for a formal Standard
to be developed by a Standards Panel.
Why an Outline Investigation is needed?
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Not all Lighting Standards adequately address
LED light sources
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Significant advances in LED light source
technology bring about specific challenges
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Customers benefit from consistent LED
requirements across regions and product types
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Facilitates component sourcing and
interchangeability
Applications for LED’s
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Architectural Lighting
Seasonal Lighting
Sign Components
Emergency Lighting
Task Lighting
Night Lights
Hand Lamps
Solar Landscape
General Illumination
Flood Lights
Stage and Studio Lighting
Scope of the Investigation
Main Definitions
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LED PACKAGE: An assembly of one or more LED die that
contains wire bond connections, possibly with an optical element
and thermal, mechanical, and electrical interfaces. The device
does not include a POWER SOURCE and is not connected
directly to the branch circuit.
LED ARRAY: An assembly of LED packages on a printed circuit
board, possibly with optical elements and additional thermal,
mechanical, and electrical interfaces. The device does not contain
a POWER SOURCE and is not connected directly to the branch
circuit.
LED MODULE: A component part of an LED light source that
includes one or more LED’s that are connected to the load side of
LED power source or LED driver. Electrical, electronic, optical, and
mechanical components may also be part of an LED module. The
LED module does not contain a power source.
LED CONTROL MODULE: electronic circuitry interposed between
the POWER SOURCE and an LED ARRAY to limit voltage and
current, dim, switch or otherwise control the electrical energy to
the LED ARRAY
Power Supply Requirements
Power Source
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Power supplies evaluated to:
– UL1310 < Class 2 power limited
– UL1012 > Class 2
– UL60950 SELV, ELV, LPS
• Transformer
– UL1585 < Class 2 power limited
– UL1411 Either
– UL506 or UL1561 >Class 2
Construction Requirements
Mechanical (UL1310 &1598)
• Enclosures & barriers
• Conductor protection
• Strain Relief
Electrical (UL 879, 879A, 935 & 1310)
• Accessibility
• Input / Output Connections & Terminals
• Internal wiring
• Insulating materials & PWB’s
• Spacings
• Protective Devices
Required Testing
Performance Tests
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Input Test
Normal Temperature Test
Dielectric Voltage Withstand
Abnormal Tests (UL 1310)
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50 w power measurements
Unreliable component faults
LED Outline of Investigation
Markings
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Power source
– Per the Standard evaluated to
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LED & Control Modules
– Manufacturer
– Model No.
– Input V, I or W
– Date of Mfr.
Questions???