Transcript Technology Needs Assessment Adaptation Jamaica

Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector
Jamaica Technology
Needs Assessment
Workshop June 29 2005
Rawleston Moore
Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector

Is there such a thing as a Technology for
Adaptation?

Adaptation defined as “adjustment in natural
or human systems in response to actual or
expected climatic stimuli or their effects, that
moderates harm and exploits beneficial
opportunities”
Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector

“Any application of equipment, techniques,
practical knowledge or skills that would allow
natural or human systems to adjust to actual
or expected climatic stimuli or their effects,
by moderating harm or exploiting beneficial
opportunities”
Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector
What is Technology Needs Assessment
(TNA)
TNA- Prioritizes Technologies, Practices and
Policy Reforms that can be implemented in
different sectors of a country to adapt to
climate change

Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector
TNA: identification and evaluation of
equipment, techniques, practical knowledge
or skills for addressing a particular purpose
or activity
 Purpose/activity: climate change response Adaptation
IPCC Definition
Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector



TNA not a stand alone activityContinuation of work carried out or identified
in Jamaican Initial National Communications
and will be continued in Second National
Communications
TNA- Can be considered as an approach by
which development and climate change
response needs and technology
opportunities are integrated
Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector

Generic Activities Involved in TNA
1-Overview of sectors
2-Priority setting and criteria for technology
assessment
3-Barrier analysis and policy needs
4-Stakeholder consultation
5-Synthesis report
Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector
OVERVIEW OF SECTOR
– Preliminary assessment of current status Drawn
from existing data and information e.g. First
national communication of Jamaica.
– Identification of vulnerable sectors in first national
communication
Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector
PRIORITY SETTING AND CRITERIA FOR
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
-Which areas should be priorities?
Coastal Zones?,
Water Sector?,
Agriculture?,
Health?

Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector
PRIORITY SETTING AND CRITERIA FOR
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
What Criteria should be used for identification and
selection of technologies?
Vulnerability Reduction Potential
Development Criteria-job benefits, build capacity
Finance- Capital, affordability, market potential
Capacity Requirements
Proven Technology

Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector

PRIORITY SETTING AND CRITERIA FOR
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
Hard Technology vs Soft Technology
Potential to benefit from technology
development and transfer
Policies that would support adoption of
technologies identified
Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector
BARRIER ANALYSIS AND POLICY NEEDS
What are barriers preventing technology
development and technology transfer?
Is there enough information on the various
technologies?
What policies are needed to be put in place to
improve technology transfer and development?

Social and cultural acceptability
Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector

BARRIER ANALYSIS AND POLICY NEEDS
–
–
–
Has enough vulnerability assessment work been
done?
Integrated and cross-cutting
Should be done at each step of the TNA process
Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector

STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION
Expert Judgment and Knowledge of Sector
Wide Participation and transparent process
Report Preparation
Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector

Start of the Needs Assessment process
which will continue during the second
national communications
Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector

Example of Adaptation
Technology. Electric
Reefs- A solution for
corals in peril
Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector

Biorock™
On underwater, conductive structures we assemble a positively
charged anode and a negatively charged cathode (structure)

Apply a low voltage electric current between them

Safe for swimmers
Which causes minerals to crystallize from seawater onto
structures
Calcium carbonate, white limestone (CaCO3) is formed-Similar
to natural coral reefs and tropical white sand
Corals adhere to limestone and grow quickly
–



How a Biorock™ Reef works
When a positively charged anode and
a negatively charged cathode are
suspended in sea water with an
electric current flowing between them,
calcium ions combine with carbonate
ions and adhere to the structure
(cathode).
The result is calcium carbonate.
Corals adhere to CaCO3 and grow
quickly.
Anode (+)
Coral
Fragments
(CaCO3)
Solar collector or
other power
supply
Cathode (-)
Conductive
Structure
How to build an electric reef
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Design the structure
Assemble the structure from conductive materials
Submerge the structure
Attach anode material
Attach wires from solar panel or voltage generator
Turn on current
Watch for bubbles
– Signifies limestone forming
• Attach coral fragments
• Watch the coral grow
Designing a structure
• Designs take into account depth, wave action,
ocean bottom characteristics and aesthetics
• Structures are easily built with locally available
conductive material (usually rebar)
Considerations for building
a Biorock Reef
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Depth of water
Type of ocean bottom
Distance from shore
Availability of electric power
Availability of broken coral fragments
Dedication to maintaining reef operation
Funding
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Typical costs
Design —
Rebar —
Cables —
Solar collectors —
Voltage generators —
Labor —
Travel —
Licensing fees —
Consulting fees —
Biorock corals
• Grow 3-5 times faster
• Heal more than 20 times faster
• Survive high temperatures 16-50 times
more
• Have hundreds of times more baby coral
settlement
• Attract incredible numbers of fish
• Corals can survive under lethal
conditions
• Reefs can be quickly restored where
they can’t recover naturally
• Fishermen can grow reefs and greatly
increase fish and shellfish populations
and catches, becoming farmers instead
of hunters
• Breakwaters can be built for a fraction
of the price of concrete or stone, with
vastly greater environmental benefits
Global Coral Reef Alliance
Dr. Thomas J. Goreau
President
Global Coral Reef Alliance
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139,
USA
Telephone: 617-864-4226, 617-864-0433
E-mail: [email protected]
Web site: http://www.globalcoral.org
Technology Needs Assessment
Adaptation Sector

THANK YOU