Transcript No Slide Title

Multimedia
Introductory Course in
Electric Energy Systems
Michigan Tech University
Leonard Bohmann
Bruce Mork
Noel Schulz
Dennis Wiitanen
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Part 1
What works
What doesn’t
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Objectives of The New
Core Course
Broader Scope
electric energy production,
transmission and distribution, and
utilization
Multidisciplinary
mechanical engineering, chemistry,
business
Societal Issues
economic, regulatory, and
environmental issues
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Michigan Tech Test Bed
(quarters)
Intro to Energy Conversion
Intro to Power Sys
Electric Machines
Power Sys I
Power Sys II
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Goals
1) Provide an Exciting Introduction
to Energy Systems for all
students
2) Serve as a Feeder Course for
Students interested in Power
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What Doesn’t Work
Broad Survey Course
Broad Survey Course
Goal 1
Introduction
Goal 2
Feeder
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What Does Work
Focused Survey Course
Focused Survey Course
Goal 1
Introduction
Goal 2
Feeder
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Why?
Retention in
Follow-On
Courses
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What Students Like
• Practical Material
– relate material to them
• Non-technical Aspects
– relate technical to business and
economic aspects
• Exciting Lectures
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Topical Outline
• Background material
– ac steady state circuits, ac power,
three-phase circuits
• Sources of Electrical Energy
– PV, batteries, thermal central station,
renewables, distributed generation,
economic/environmental costs
• Transformers
– single phase equivalent circuit,
qualitative discussion otherwise
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Topical Outline (continued)
• Fundamentals of Electromechanical
Energy Conversion
– forces on conductors, induced voltages
on conductors, motivated by ideal linear
motor
• Fundamentals of Power Electronics
– ideal switches, buck converter,3 phase
bridge inverter, power supplies
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Topical Outline
(continued)
• Synchronous Machines
– qualitative description, round rotor
equivalent circuit with reactance,
power/angle relations
• Coal Fired Power Plant
– coal handling to electricity out
– economics and environmental
regulations
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Topical Outline (continued)
• Power System Overview
– central station, distributed generation,
• Electrical Faults and Protection
– Single Phase or 3f to ground,
sectionalizers, reclosers, fuses
• Distribution Systems
– layout, equipment, operations
• Loads
– system loads variation, induction
machines, speed control
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Continuing
Development
Right Mix of Topics
Instructional Aids
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Part 2
Instructional Material
Web Development
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Electrical Energy
Conversion
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General Overview
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Green House Effect
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Coal
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Fuel Cell
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Wind
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Solar
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Animations
Aids Visualization and Understanding
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1 f Armature Reaction
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3 f Armature Reaction
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Transient Stability
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Lead Acid Battery
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PN Junction
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PV Effect
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Case Study
An Introduction to Photovoltaics
• Solar power applications: spacecraft,
calculators, solarfarms (on-grid), remote
sites (off-grid).
• Solar Farms
– Austin Power & Light (300 MW)
– 3M Research, Austin (300 KW concentrator)
– SMUD (2.4 MW)
• An Off-Grid Application
– Mt. Baldy Mobile Radio Repeater Site, Utah
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Mount Baldy Solar-Powered
Communications Installation
• Used as lead-in example
– Photovoltaic generation
– Battery storage
• Practical Design and
Performance Issues
–
–
–
–
Limited winter sunlight
Temperature Extremes
On 9050-ft Mountain
Reliability is crucial
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Output Characteristics vs.
Incident Solar Energy
• AM0 = 1367 mW
per sq cm (space)
• AM1 = 1000 mW
per sq cm (direct
overhead sunlight)
• Sun’s inclination
angle further
reduces available
energy.
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Temperature Effects
• Voltage output increases
at lower temperatures.
• Batteries can be charged
to higher voltage and
operate more efficiently
when cold.
• Equipment may be
damaged by overvoltage,
so may need to be
protected by VR.
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Battery Selection, Factors
• Ni-Cad vs. lead-acid
• Sedimentation
• Stratification of
electrolyte.
• Memory effects
• Deep cycling
• Temperature Effects
• Specific gravity of
electrolyte, freezing
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Coordination of Solar
Array and Battery
Charging System
• System operates at
higher voltage in cold can store more energy.
• Alarms and equipment
disconnect if batteries
discharge too far.
• Arrays, batteries, loads
must be coordinated!
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System Configuration
• Dual arrays and
regulators for reliability
• Alarms transmitted for
low voltage
• Even lower voltage:
disconnect equip.
• Fuses for short-circuit
protection
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Photovoltaic Experiment
• Inexpensive to buy and implement
– $20 solar cell
– 120-volt spot lamp
– Light meter
• Fundamental concepts emphasized
–
–
–
–
Luminous flux (lumens) vs. radiant flux (watts)
Maximum power point
I-V curves vs. light level
Theoretical and observed behaviors match
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Photovoltaic Lab Setup
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Output Characteristics
Voltage vs Current for the Photovoltaic Cell with
varying Light intensity
3
Current (mA)
2.5
2
82 ft. Candles
1.5
30 ft. Candles
1
16 ft. Candles
0.5
0
0
2
4
6
Voltage (V)
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Educational Case Study
on Power System Blackout
Restoration
What is a case study? Why should we
develop them for power engineering?
• Educational tool used by business for many years.
• Students read about problem, solutions to other
similar problems and then tackle their own
problem.
• Case study library very old without many
problems in EE or power
• Research related case studies on too high a level for
introduction to power course.
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Purpose of Case Study
• Application-oriented examples of real life
scenarios to help motivate students
• Create modern educational tools of our field
• Stimulates interest in Power Engineering
• Combines education with fun for students
• Expands students knowledge about power
systems and a specific topic
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Goals
• Completion of open-ended exercises to
see how the student can immediately
apply their newly acquired knowledge
• Introduction to advanced power
system subjects
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Case Study Layout
Introduction
Module 1
A ll A bout Blackouts
Module 2
Supplemental Web
Pages
General Guidelines on
Pow er Restoration
Module 3
Description of the Tools
Used to Restore Pow er
Module 4
Module 5
A ppendix on Specific
Restoration Terms
A list of Related Papers
f or Furthur Inf ormation
Module 6
Example Case
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Supplemental Web Pages
Steady State
Overloads
Links on
Blackout
Examples
Cascading
Failures
Islands
Syncronization
Case
Study
Frequency
Excursions
Large Standing
Phase Angles
Backbones
Example Pictures of:
-Circuit Breakers
-Sectionalizers
-RTU's
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Implementation
• Part of EE 380- Introduction
to Power Systems Class
• Fall Quarter 1998
– Done as Extra Credit
• Winter Quarter 1998-99
– Project in class with 72 students
• Spring and Summer
– Modifications and Improvements
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Case Study Assignment
•
•
•
•
WWW case study
Questions
Problems with Power World
Report
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Assessment
• 85% of students said the case study project
was very useful or somewhat useful
• In final evaluations students asked for more
problems like case study. Many mentioned it
as best part of class.
• Students’ overall impression of power
engineering went up after class with case
study.
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Challenges with Case Study
• WWW projects mean WWW accessslow near end of term and down time.
• Software compatibility and size issues.
• Some students want to be spoon fed.
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Future Work
• The case study will be continuously updated
with student and faculty feedback.
• Additional case studies for college and K12 students are currently being developed.
• Encourage other faculty to create case
studies on power engineering topics.
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References
• PowerWorld Corporation, 2004 South Wright
Street, Suite 100,Urbana, IL 61801 – 9503,
www.powerworld.com
• R. Billinton et. al, " A Reliability Test System for
Educational Purposes- Basic Data," IEEE
Transactions on Power Systems, ol. 4, No. 3, pp.
1238-1244, August 1989
• C.Middlebrook, V. Ranganathan and N. Schulz, “A
Case Study on Blackout Restoration as an
Educational Tool,” IEEE Transactions on Power
Systems, under review.
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Acknowledgements
• Chris Middlebrook and Viswajit Ranganathan
• Siemens and Northern States Power
Company for their contributions to the case
study.
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Other Initiatives
Power Engineering Videos
• IEEE PES Power Engineering Education
Committee trying to help promote power
engineering
• Video #1: High School/ Early College Available
• Video #2: Junior/Senior College in Development
– Need suggestions on type of companies to
videotape
– Need reviewers for script and pre-production
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Other Initiatives
Listservers
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
(Summer 99)
Web Pages
www.ee.mtu.edu/us_pen (links to
Educational Initiatives Schools)
PES / PEEC Instructional Courseware
(Summer 99)
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Other Initiatives
Summer PES Meeting Panel
Session (Edmonton, July)
Frontiers in Education Session
(San Juan, November)
Teaching Effectiveness Workshop
(before PES SM 2000, Seattle,
July ‘00)
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