Transcript Search Methodology: Criteria

Medical Image Display
Bradley Hemminger
School of Information and Library Science
Department of Radiology,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
http://ils.unc.edu/bmh
[email protected]
Medical Image Display
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Digital Values + Human Observer
Observer makes decisions
Decisions affect patient care/treatment
Results in different patient outcomes.
Basic Perception Issues
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Color or Grey Scale to Use?
Standardizing the Grey Scale
Perceptual Linearization
Different types of Displays (CRT, flat panel)
Calibration
PACS: multiple sources and destinations:
LAN
Consistent Grayscale:
Acquire
Display
Slide courtesy of David Clunie, ComView
Print
Image Presentation Integrity
Goal: Images look the same independent of
the display system or method used to
present the images.
DICOM Standards supporting this:
- Grayscale Standard Display Function
- Softcopy Presentation State Storage
AAPM guidelines
- Display Quality for Electronic Displays
Perceptual Linearization
Ambient Light
Display
Display
Modality
Perception of Contrast
By Human Visual System
Display Card Values (0-255, 0-1023)
Laser Printer Values (0-255, 0-4095)
Display Card
Luminance on Monitor
or through film on Lightbox
Perceived Brightness
by human
observer
Analog Voltage
Computer
Computer Digital Values
(0-255, 0-4095, ... 0-65535)
Computer
Display Card
Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF)
Transfer function describing the
change in luminance required to
see a contrast threshold at a given
luminance level.
Image Display and Interaction
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Single Images
Alternators
Hanging Protocols
Staged Interactions (Mammo Screening)
• Studying Users to optimize CHI.
Image Enhancement
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Intensity Windowing
Unsharp Masking
AHE
MUSICA
Novel Display technologies
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Cine/stack
“3D”
Virtual reality
Fusion