Transcript Introducing Public Administration

CHAPTER 5
Breena E. Coates, Ph.D.
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Intergovernmental Relations
Learning Objectives:
•
•
Understand the U.S. federal system of government, its
constitutional design, its underlying rationale, and its evolution.
Comprehend the dynamic structure of U.S. intergovernmental
relations, including the different types of federal systems.
•
Make connections to the four main various types of
intergovernmental management.
•
Discern the many ways in which fiscal federalism works.
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Honor
Western thinking about Honor dates back to ancient Greece and
Rome, and today remains a core influence on human
behavior.
• Our authors say that Honor comes before Ethics, because a person
without honor has no moral compass about what is good or
bad.
• Honor is a particularly apt choice for a book on public administration
because we need honorable officials to take care of the
public interest.
•
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Honor In Public Administration
Public administrators have 3 special obligations:
Citizens
Regime Values
Constitution
•Public
administrators have
a special moral
obligation to the
people they serve
•Public
administrators have
a special obligation
to the regime
values of the United
States system of
government
•Public
adminisratators
have a primary
obligation to
uphold the
Constitution of the
United States
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Corruption in Government
• Bribery: This is frequently seen in public
administration. When
special interests bribe public officials to work for them, the
general interest is compromised. Bribery comes from individual
greed. When the moral compass in a public agency is low,
corruption creeps in.
• Public Scandals: Watergate, The Keating Scandal, The Iran Contra
Affair, the Monica Lewinsky Scandal, the Blackwater Scandal and
many recent such ethics violations of recent times show a
violation of the public trust. Internet technology and the media
have made these scandals more public in the past, and have
fueled public outrage and calls for government reform.
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Ethical Issues in Public Administration
Lies, Big and Little: Lying in government is commonplace . This
takes many forms from outright lies, to innuendo, to omissions and
more.
• Lying for the Public Good has been a topic of debate from the time
of Plato, who called lying for the public good “the noble lie,” or the
“ends justify the means.” Niccolo Machiavelli stated that the ends
justify the means—i.e., when bad means (such as lying) lead to good
government ends, then.
• The “Dirty Hands Dilemma” is another famous quandary
encountered in ethics. When public officials do wrong (dirty their
hands), for example by lying, but do so to further the public good, we
ask whether this is wrongful behavior, or justified?
•
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Four Main Kinds of Ethics
There are four main types of ethics in public administration:
Personal
Morality
Professional Ethics
Organizational Ethics
Social
Ethics
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Codes of Honor, Conduct and Ethics
Codes of Honor, Conduct and Ethics have their origins in ancient
precepts from all traditions on how individuals should behave when
faced with danger or difficult choices. Many of the codes are not
binding, but dishonor falls on those who violate them.
• Religious Teachings: Many of the important precepts come to us
from religious teachings, such as The Ten Commandments.
• Civilian Agencies set up their own conduct of ethical behavior.
•Professions establish codes of ethics—e.g., the Hippocratic Oath in
medicine .
•
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Administrative Accountability
•The Rule of Law:
Public Administrators in a Democracy work within
the rule of law.
•Separation of Powers: the system of administrative accountability is
constituted by several elements, including the separation of powers
doctrine which provides for checks and balances.
•Public Watchdogs: Government is constantly being watched by
groups and individuals who hold it accountable, and demand
transparency, when officials want to obfuscate. Common ones are:
•Media
•Official auditors
•Community scrutiny
•Whistleblowers
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