Transcript Ethics From a Global Perspective

Factors Influencing Promotion / Firing
Now
• Unethical behavior 28%
• Lack of motivation/work
ethic 18%
• Inappropriate use of
technology 14%
• Failure to follow instructions
9%
• Late for work 8%
• Missing assignment
deadlines
7%
1990s
• Failure to take initiative
• Failure to follow
instructions
• Late for work
• Missing assignment
deadlines
• Poor communication
abilities
• Ineffectiveness in a team
Technology: email, blogs, text
messaging, cell phones, websites.
Ethics
From a Global Perspective
• Universality of ethical guidelines / principles
– Background (shapes the foreground)
– Procedural knowledge (communication)
• E.g., reciprocity, fairness
• Socialization processes
– Attitudes
– Theories (believe systems) = Major principles =
institutional rules = actions
Principles for Universal Morality
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ethical Egoism
Utilitarianism
Natural Rights Theory
Social Contract Theory
Kantian Duty Ethics
Discourse Ethics
What are some facets?
• Social
• Economic
– Formal and informal economies
• Environmental
• Institutional
– Policy and capacity issues
Differences
• Economic System
– Market vs. command
• Free-Market (voluntary)
– Tradition-based society
– Lockean Rights (Life, liberty, property)
– Smith’s (competition advances welfare, government
intervention does not.)
– Say’s law: All resources used, demand will always
expand to absorb available supply
– Social Darwinism: Economic competition produces
human progress (survival of fittest)
– Naturalistic fallacy: Assumption that naturally is best
– Alienation (depriving working class of full potential)
Government Role
• Economic substructure
– Materials and social controls
• Social Superstructure
– Ideologies, government
• Forces of production
– Resource controls
• Relations of productions
– Social controls (organization of workers)
Philosophical
Possibility of “Universality?”
1. Respect for core human values
•
Determines the absolute moral threshold for
business activities
•
http://www.hrweb.org/legal/undocs.html#UDHR
2. Respect for local traditions
3. Recognizing that context influences the
determination of what is “right” or “wrong”
4. Communication
•
Do more than “post” codes of conduct