Transcript Research Poster

Andrea Chavarria, Crystal Kreitler, and Cheryl Stenmark
Department of Psychology, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX, 76904
RESULTS
RESULTS
INTRODUCTION
•
According to Wegener & Petty (2013) in a 2011 Gallup
Poll, results showed that the preference for male
employers outnumbered the preference for female
employers. Despite the fight for gender equality,
differences in reactions to certain behaviors and decisions
based on gender prevail (Lee & James, 2007). Because of
the current disparity in gender equality and dearth of
women in leadership positions, it is important to
investigate. A study conducted by Lee and James (2007),
found that shareholders' response to women's appointment
to CEO positions were more negative than when men were
appointed to CEO positions. Lee and James (2007) also
found that shareholders responded more negatively when
women were appointed to CEO positions than when
women were chosen as top managers. This research
investigated whether individuals would make different
ethical judgments based on gender. We hypothesized that
participants would report differences on perceived moral
intensity when reading about a male versus a female
character in a dilemma.
•
•
There were one-hundred and twenty-seven undergraduate
students (97 females, 30 males; average age=20.19,
SD=3.55) that were recruited from the experimental on-line
database (Sona system). Participants volunteered for this
research as an optional means of fulfilling a course
requirement or to receive extra credit for a class.
•
Each participant was assigned to one of two versions of
ethical scenarios, with each involving a questionable action,
one with three female main characters (N=60) and the other
with three male characters (N=67) (Sweeney & Costello,
2009).
•
After, participants completed a 44-itme Big Five Inventory
measuring personality (Oliver & Benet-Martinez, 1998)
followed by a full debriefing.
• Treatment with antalarmin alone had no effect on any
Two of
significant
univariate
effects
were measures.
obtained F (1,
the behavioral,
tissue,
or serum
125) •=3.28
and
4.41
respectively,
p
<
.05.
Participants
Behavioral effects were not due to alterations
in
who read
a female
employee
(M = 3.95)
motora vignette
ability, aswith
shown
by crossing
latencies,
and in
were later
less likely
to
report
perceived
social
pressure
than
testing days when LPS-treated mice cross more
thosefrequently
who read about
a maleanimals.
employee (M =4.42).
than control
Participants
whotoread
vignettehypothesis,
with a female
in a did
• Contrary
our aoriginal
antalarmin
leadership
position
(M
=4.84)
reported
greater
not affect peripheral cytokine production. perceived
However,
potential
harm than
those whoreduced
read about
a male
antalarmin
significantly
central
(i.e.,in a
leadership
position
in
a
dilemma
(M=4.39).
hippocampal) levels of IL-1, potentially explaining
the observed learning decrements.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
METHODS
•
• As hypothesized and observed in some of our
A oneprevious
way (female
vs.LPS-induced
male character
in
work,character
significant
learning
vignette)
MANOVA
was
conducted
on
the
perceived
decrements were noted, including fewer avoidance
moralresponses
intensityand
scores.
The Multivariate
Test was not
decreased
response efficiency.
significant
F
(4,122)=1.73,
p
>
.05,
however,
of in
• As hypothesized, antalarmin proved to because
be effective
the distinctiveness
this studyeffects
we were
attenuating theofbehavioral
of able
LPS,toasdiscover
shown in
important
significant
findings.
avoidances,
escapes,
and response efficiency.
Table 2
Correlations on Personality and Moral Intensity
E
A
C
N
O
.06
.00
.02
.03
-.06
.09
.00
-.03
.01
Perceived Potential Harm (Male)
.14
.17*
.16
.00
-.04
Perceived Potential Harm (Female)
-.02
.06
.19*
.07
.07
Perceived Social Pressure (Male)
-.06
Perceived Social Pressure (Female)
Note * signifies significance at the .01 level
•
It was• hypothesized
would report
Peripheral that
LPSparticipants
administration
impairs
differences on perceived moral intensity when reading
two-way
active
avoidance
conditioning.
about a male (versus female) character in dilemma. The
• These
effects
results
showed cognitive
some support
for our induced
hypothesis.by LPS
Participants
more perceived
social pressure
can bereported
ameliorated
by antalarmin,
a when
the employee
in ethical
dilemma was
male versus female.
selective
CRF receptor
antagonist.
•
Participants that were given ethical scenarios with male
cognitive
deficit
do recognize
not appear
to be of
characters
were able
to better
the intensity
socialmediated
pressure invia
a moral
dilemma
than those who read
effects
on corticosterone
aboutproduction.
a female employee. This is consistent with the
research of Thoroughgood and Sawyer (2013), who
•
The effects of antalarmin on LPS-induced
showed male leaders were perceived as less competent,
learning
appears
to be
dueat to a
and desirable to decrements
work under when
they made
errors
workreduction
compared toin
female
leaders. Results
showed
the production
ofalso
hippocampal
that participants
reported moreIL-1.
perceived potential harm
(but not peripheral)
when a female was in a position of power versus when a
male was in a position of power.
• The effects of antalarmin on LPS-induced