Transcript ELA ethospathoslogos

The Art of Persuasion
Ethos, Pathos, Logos
&
Rhetorical Devices
What is Rhetoric?What is
Rhetoric?
Rhetoric is the art
of persuasion.
The goal of persuasion is
to change others’ point
of view or to move
others to take action.
The history of rhetoric
and the concepts of
ethos, pathos, and logos
began in Greece.
This was developed by
Aristotle.
Who was Aristotle?
Aristotle was a famous Greek
philosopher who studied the
art of persuasion.
Plato, another
famous Greek
philosopher, was his
teacher.
Aristotle taught Alexander the
Great how to properly argue and
perform a public speech.
Ethos, Logos and Pathos
In approximately 300 B.C.E. Aristotle, who was a famous Greek
philosopher, wrote a book entitled, “The Art of Rhetoric.” In his book, Aristotle
identified the three methods of persuasion. He called them ethos, pathos and
logos.
Aristotle
Plato
The Man
The Book
Ethos, Pathos and Logos
1.
Ethos = an ethical or moral argument
2.
Pathos = an emotional argument
3.
Logos = a logical argument
Ethos
The word "ethos" came from the Greek word
ethikos meaning moral or showing moral character.
It refers to the trustworthiness of the speaker/writer.
An example of ethos is an ethical opinion or statement from
a credible source.
“I am an ethical expert, so believe what I say.”
For example, when a trusted doctor gives
you advice, you may not understand all of
the medical reasoning behind the advice, but
you nonetheless follow the directions
because you believe that the doctor knows
what s/he is talking about.
Pathos = an emotional argument
• Pathos: Pathos is related to the words pathetic,
sympathy and empathy.
Logos
Logos means logic
• Logos refers to any attempt to appeal to the
intellect, appealing to the readers’ sense of what is
logical.
• Logos is an argument based on facts, evidence and
reason.
REVIEW
Ethos, Pathos and Logos
1.
Ethos = an ethical or moral argument
2.
Pathos = an emotional argument
3.
Logos = a logical argument
Rhetorical Devices
• Rhetorical devices are the nuts and
bolts of speech and writing; the parts
that make a communication work.
Separately, each part of is meaningless,
but once put together they create a
powerful effect on the listener/reader.
Parallelism
• Parallelism is using similar structures
to reinforce a point
• Structure- repetition of grammatically
similar words, phrases, clauses, or
sentences to emphasize a point or stir the
emotions of a reader/listener.
Parallelism Example
The coach told the players: “You will get
some sleep tonight, you will not eat too much
right before the game, and you will do some
warm-up exercises before the game.”
Repetition
• the use of the same word, phrase, or
sound more than once for emphasis
– Repetition can be effective in creating a sense
of structure and power. In both speech and
literature, repeating small phrases can ingrain
an idea in the minds of the audience.
Difference between Repetition
and Parallelism
• Repetition focuses on repeating the word
whereas parallelism repeats the structure
or idea that is being conveyed
• The two typically go hand in hand.
Allusion
• Short, informal reference to famous
person, event, or story.
– Relies on reader/listener to be familiar with
the reference and hidden meaning. Used
to stimulate ideas, associations, add extra
information.
• If I want to persuade you to wash your
hands, I may say “thou shalt wash thy
hands”.
– I am trusting that you respect the
commandments and, hence, my statement.
Juxtaposition
• the act of positioning
close together
– Obama talks about the
“not-so-young people
who braved the bitter
cold and scorching
heat to knock on doors
of perfect strangers”
• The juxtaposition of
“bitter cold” and
“scorching heat”
stresses the extreme
conditions in which
people campaigned for
Obama, convincing the
audience of their
dedication
Rhetorical Question
• Rhetorical Question- question not
answered by writer b/c the answer is
obvious or obviously desired.
• Used in persuasion to encourage the
reader/listener to reflect on what the
answer must be.
• “How much longer must our people
endure this injustice?”
Parts of An Argument
• Claim – the anchor of the essay; the
statement which reveals the opinion, idea,
belief, or argument.
• Also referred to as:
– Thesis
– Argument
– Premise
– Proposition
– Assertion
Is the Argument Valid?
• Strolling through the woods is usually fun.
The sun is out, the temperature is cool,
there is no rain in the forecast, the flowers
are in bloom, and the birds are singing.
Therefore, it should be fun to take a walk
through the woods now.