Transcript The Impact of Clinical Simulations in Pharmacy Ethics Education

Self-Reflection and Clinical
Simulations in Pharmacy Ethics
Amy Haddad, Ph.D.
Center for Health Policy and Ethics
Abilities of Students in Ethics:
1. recognize ethical issues in a clinical context,
2. propose resolutions to identified problems,
3. use tools of ethics such as principles and
theories,
4. justify proposed resolutions,
5. anticipate arguments to proposed
resolutions, and
6. cope with uncertainty and emotional nature
of ethical issues commonly encountered in
clinical practice.
Framing the Question
• Focus of ethics course
• Usefulness and limits of case analysis
• What happens during clerkships; clinical
rotations?
• What happens after graduation?
• Experience with SP interactions
Framing the Question
“What impact do standardized patient
interactions have on student learning
regarding resolving ethical problems?”
Sequence of Learning Activities
Summative
Self-Reflection
Group “Difficulty”
Papers
Video
(Small group
evaluation)
Personal Reflections
(immediate, computer data)
Standardized
Patient Encounter
Secondary questions were also
developed and are as follows:
• Is there a relationship between critical thinking and
the ability to analyze ethical problems?
• Is there a relationship between moral development
and the ability to resolve ethical problems in SP
interactions?
• Could SP interactions improve cognitive moral
development scores?
• Do interactions with SPs have an effect of ethical
sensitivity?
Secondary questions were also
developed and are as follows:
• Does critical self-reflection about interactions with
SPs have an effect on ethical decision making?
• Do interactions with SPs have an effect on selfefficacy in identifying and resolving ethical problems
in clinical practice?
• Do interactions with SPs have an effect on the quality
of written work (ethical analysis) as demonstrated on
exams, critical self-reflection, and other writing
assignments.
Introduced More Questions
• What does it mean to be a professional?
• What emphasis should be placed on mediation?
Awareness of competing obligations?
• Does this reinforce the ideas that the moral life is a
series of problems to be resolved?
• How do I frame questions to get at understanding?
• How do I assist students in the process of selfreflection?