Transcript PUBLIC SPEAKING

PUBLIC SPEAKING
Chapter 4
Speaking Freely and Ethically
Why Ethical Communication?
“Ethical communication enhances human
worth and dignity by fostering
truthfulness, fairness, responsibility,
personal integrity and respect for self
and others.”
-- National Communication Association
Credo for Communication Ethics
What are Ethics?
 Values and moral principles by which
we determine what is right or wrong.
Examples of ethical actions:
 Refusing to cheat on exams
 Not calling in sick when healthy
 Property owner who does not overstate
storm damage to insurance company
Ethics in Public Speaking
The privilege of free speech carries with it the
responsibility of ethical speaking.
1. Your speech goals, arguments and evidence
must take into account the morals, values,
and beliefs of your audience.
2. Ethical speaking is audience-centered.
3. Ethical speaking is honest and is not
plagiarized.
Unethical Speaking
 Brainwashing as in Adolph Hitler’s
speeches inciting German people to
genocide.
 Chinese speeches exhorting citizens to
reveal the whereabouts of student
Leaders of the 1989 uprising.
 Sen. Joseph McCarthy’s false claims in
the Communist “wish hunt.”
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Speaking Freely
 Have a Clear, Responsible Goal
 Give listeners choices.
 Do not keep your agenda
hidden from your listeners.
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Speaking Ethically
 First Amendment guarantees free
speech.
 ACLU helps protest free speech
 Supreme court: flag burning protected
under free speech
 Patriot Act sparks controversy between
national security & free speech
Use sound Evidence &
Reasoning tp speak ethically
 Do not make false claims
 Do not substitute emotions for logic
 Keep quality of evidence high.
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Be Sensitive to & Tolerant of
Differences
 Be willing to listen to opposing sides
(accommodation).
 Avoid language that might be biased or
offensive.
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Be Honest
 Offering false or misleading information
is unethical.
 Give credit for ideas and
types of information that
is not your own.
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Do Not Plagiarize
 Plagiarizing: presenting someone else’s
ideas or words as though they were
yours.
 Plagiaphrasing: failure to give credit for
compelling phrases taken from another
source.
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Do Your Own Work
 Think of an original approach.
 Avoid articles that can be converted into
speeches.
 Edit your own work.
Acknowledge Your Sources
YOU MUST CITE:
 Direct quotes, no matter how short.
 Opinions or ideas of others, even if
paraphrased.
 Statistics.
 Non-original visual materials, graphs, pictures
& tables).
 Give oral and written citations.
Listen Ethically
 Listeners share responsibility for ethical
communication.
 Ethical Listeners:
Communication expectations and feedback.
Are sensitive to and tolerant of differences.
Critically evaluate the speaker.
Discuss
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