Transcript Personal, Social, and Moral Development

Personal, Social, and Moral
Development
Chapter 3
(2)
Autonomy vs
Shame &
Doubt:
Control
(1)
Trust vs.
Mistrust:
Consistency
(5)
Identity vs Role
Confusion
Moratotium
Self understanding
Marcia’s:
Identity achievement
Identity foreclosure
Identity diffusion
Moratorium
(6)
Intimacy vs
Isolation:
Trust others
(3)
Initiative vs
Guilt:
Independence
with supervision
(4)
Industry
vs. Inferiority
feedback
(7)
Generativity
vs. Stagnation
Next generation
(8)
Ego integrity
vs Despair
Accept cycle
of Death
• Families:
– Blended families
– Parenting styles
•
•
•
•
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive
Rejecting/neglecting
– Peers
• Cultures
• Aggression:
–
–
–
–
Instrumental
Hostile
Overt
Relational
• Bulliesviolence will be rewarded
• Victims low self esteem
Helping Children of Divorce
• Sudden changes
• Talk individually to students
• Avoid stereotypes (whole family
references)blended families
• Maintain students’ self-esteem
• Resources available for counseling
• Sensitive to both parents’ rights
What is something you should do when you
see violence in the classroom?
Peer Relationships
• Peers play an essential
role in healthy personal
and social relationships
– Characteristics of friends
– Quality of friendships
• Who is likely to have
problems with peers?
– Children who differ from
the norm
• Peer culture:
– Rules
– Conformity to those rules
– Interests of parents clash
with those rules
• New Roles for Teachers
– Support personal and social
development
Challenges for Children
Young children starting school preoperational to
concrete operationalteaching must adhere to the
needs of that stage
Coping with challenges
By third grade predictions towards dropping out
Importance of Head Start
Children and Youth at Risk
Child Abuse:
Physical Abuse
Physical Neglect
Sexual Abuse
Eating Disorders
Drug Abuse
Suicide
Understanding Ourselves and Others
Self
Concept
General
Academic
Non-academic
Self
Esteem
Value one gives to their
evaluations
How does self esteem
affect student behavior in
school?
How does life in schools
affect student behavior?
Develops:
“constant
evaluations across Relationships with abilities
time”
Popularity
Elementaryothers
HSoneself
Feedback!!!
Gender, Ethnicity,
and Self Esteem
Diversity:
Collective self esteem
Ethnic Pride
Development:
Decreases as they
go middle school
Increases in boys as they go
to HS more than in girls
Self and others:
Intention (2 yrs)
Perspective taking (10 yrs)
Emotional Competency
Racial Identities (Nigrescence):
Pre-encounter
Encounter
Immersion
Internalization
Commitment
Could this
be applied
to the
Hispanic
community?
Ethnic Pride
Theory of Mind and Intentionunderstanding
other people
Perspective Taking
Selman (1980)
*Develops over time
*Analyze other’s perspective about age 10
*15 most have developed the perspective takingability
Moral Development = sense of right and wrong
Moral Dilemmas
Distributive Justice
Beliefs @
Dividing and
sharing
Moral Realism
Morality of Cooperation
Understanding that People
make rules – they can also
change them
Stage
Understanding
of rules
Preconventional: (personal needs and other people’s rules)
Punishment-obedience orientation
Personal reward orientation
Conventional: (approval, family expectations, traditional values, laws of
society, loyalty to the country)
Good boy-nice girl orientation
Law and order orientation
Postconventional:
Social contract orientation
Universal ethical principles orientation
• Moral vs. Conventional Domains
– Moral domain = more abstract integration
– Social integration = agreed upon rules and ways of doing things
in a particular situation
• Alternatives to Kohlberg’s Theory
– Stages not separate, sequenced and consistent
– Every day life (competing values, situations, etc)
– Stages 5 and 6 are based on Western values
• Gender Differences in Reasoning (Gilligan, 1982)
– Stages are biased in favor of males
differences in the development of
stages between men and women
– “Ethic of care” move from a focus
of self interest to moral reasoning
based on commitment to specific
individuals and relationships