Transcript Early School Age: 4-6 years - Seattle Central Community College

Early School Age: 4-6 years
Psychosocial Crisis:
Initiative vs. Guilt
Developmental Tasks
• Gender
– Labeling (2-3)
– Stable over time (3-4)
– Constant, regardless of changes in markers
(4-7)
• Early moral development
• Self theory
• Peer play
Gender identity-one aspect of
sexual identity
• Five continua to reflect sexual identity.
– Biological sex: female………………..male
– Gender identity: girlness…...boyness
– Gender preference: fem………..masc
– Gender role standards: fem………..masc
– Sexual orientation: hetero-………..homosexual
sexual
How does gender identity develop?
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What behaviors and characteristics are
associated with femininity?
With masculinity?
Essential differences
Socially constructed differences
Between groups and within group
differences-testosterone as an example
Biological correlations
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Hormonal (neurochemical) influences
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Prenatally and during puberty
High amount of androgen linked with preference for “boy” toys.
Testosterone is linked with aggression, spatial ability, eye contact and
libido.
Estrogen is linked with communication, caring social bx
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Brain anatomy/structure
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3.
more white matter in male brains (on average)
more connectors between hemispheres (corpus callosum) in girls.
Brain functioning
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Activation in more areas of female brains in emotion provoking
situations
The E-S model (Baron-Cohen)-is there a female and male brain?
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Empathizing brain-44% of females, 17% of males
Systemizing brain-54% of males, 17% of females
Balanced brain-39% of females, 29% of males
Social Learning and Social Role
Theories
• 4-6 year olds are aware of gender categories
and expectations.
• What are the consequences for conforming or
not conforming to the social expectations?
• What influences whether we learn through social
learning?
– Power and status of the role model
– Consequences experienced
– Identification with the model
Moral Development
Morality: What is it?
“…principles or rules of right conduct and
the distinction between right and wrong.”
(text)
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
1st stage-preconventional:
• Is there punishment or reward?
• How will my family and I be affected?
2nd stage-conventional
• What does the authority say?
• How do we maintain order?
3rd stage=postconventional
• What are my principles for “right behavior?”
• What are universal principles for “right behavior?”