Transcript Compare and contrast matter and energy

Compare and
contrast matter and
energy
QOD
• A food chain is a one way
transfer of energy
• e.g., plant to insect to
mouse to snake to bird,
etc…
• The different steps or links
in a food chain are called
trophic levels.
• Trophic level: a step in a
food chain or food web.
Since producers capture energy and create
organic material, they are on the 1st trophic
level.
However, not all of the energy captured by
a producer is available to consumers at the
higher trophic levels.
Some of the energy is used up in the
metabolic activities of the producer
(respiration, growth, etc…) and leaves the
ecosystem as heat.
Only the energy that is
stored in organic material
(leaves, seeds, fruits,
stems, etc.) can be used
by other organisms.
Ecologists call this
organic material biomass.
Biomass: organic
material that can be used
as food.
How much energy is lost as it moves
through a food chain from lower to
higher trophic levels?
10% RULE:
• 90% of energy is used and lost as
heat
• 10% is stored in biomass
• Energy is lost as it moves through a
food chain
Because only 10 percent of
the energy at one trophic
level can move up to the
next trophic level; there
tends to be more biomass
at lower trophic levels than
at higher levels.
(i.e., more grass than mice,
more mice than snakes, more
snakes than hawks, etc…)
Food Web
What
do the
arrows
show?
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7
Energy Pyramid
Shaped like a
pyramid
because
there is less
energy at
each level:
Ten Percent
Rule
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Biomass Pyramid
Shows the
actual mass
of organisms
at each
trophic level
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Pyramid of Numbers
Shows the
number of
individual
organisms at
each trophic
level
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Food Chain Game
• Start a new page in your notebook
titled “Food Chain Game”
• Paste analysis question sheet in now
• Question 1 will be completed as
homework
Food Chain Game
• You will be either a grasshopper, a frog, or a hawk.
• Popcorn will represent producers
• Grasshoppers try to eat popcorn plants by putting popcorn
in your “stomach’ bag
• Frogs will eat grasshoppers by tagging them and taking
their stomach bag (grasshopper leaves game)
• Hawks will eat frogs by tagging them and taking the frogs
stomach (frog leaves game)
• Each round will last 5 minute or until all animals are eaten
Objective
• Create a balanced food chain!
• To survive, a grasshoppers stomach must be filled to
the bottom of the tape, a frog must have 3
grasshopper stomachs, and a hawk must have at least
one full frog stomach
• Animals with less than a full stomach at the end of the
round is considered “starved to death”
• At least 2 grasshoppers, 2 frogs, and 1 hawk must be
alive at the end of the round to produce a sustainable
ecosystem
Food Chain Game
• First round= everyone split up evenly
between groups
• After that you modify conditions to create
balanced food chain
• READY!?
What are trophic levels? Are
there any limits to how many
trophic levels can exist in a given
food chain? Why/why not?
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