Transcript FERTILIZATION

FERTILIZATION
Surface application
• Applied over top of soil
• Beneath canopy
Surface application
• Advantage
• Easy to apply
Surface application
• Disadvantage
• Volatilization
• Runoff
• Turfgrass competition
Subsurface application
• Drill-hole method
• Advantage
• Get below turf or other competing roots
• Aerate root zone
Subsurface application
• Drill-hole method
• Disadvantage
• Time consuming
Subsurface application
• Drill-hole method
• Drill holes 2 to 4 inches in diameter
Subsurface application
• Drill-hole method
• 12 to 36 inches apart
Subsurface application
• Drill-hole method
• Extend holes within the drip line
Subsurface application
• Drill-hole method
• Fill holes with fertilizer/mulch/compost
mix
Subsurface application
• Fertilizer spikes
• Convenient and fast
• Root burn
• High salt concentration
Subsurface application
• Liquid injection with soluble
fertilizer
Foliar application
• Micronutrients
• Limited effectiveness
Implants and Injections
• Micronutrient injected into xylem
• Most effective on actively transpiring
trees
• Every other year preferred to limit
wounding
Palms
Potassium
• Most common
• Most serious nutrient deficiency
• Older foliage first
• Margin burn
• Midrib remains green
Palms
• Potassium translocated from old to
new foliage
• Old foliage first to show symptoms
• New foliage eventually stunted and
necrotic
• Deficient foliage never recovers
Palms
Magnesium
• Similar to potassium
• Magnesium rarely fatal
• Old leaves
• Margin burn
• Midrib stays green
Palms
Manganese
• Symptoms only on new foliage
• Frizzletop disease
• Common in alkaline soils
Boron Toxicity
• Boron accumulates from
guttation
• Exudation from plant
• Salt burn
Boron Toxicity
• Mt. Pleasant aquifer
• Sago palm
• Magnolia
Palms
• Light application 3 to 4 months
after transplanting
• Regular fertilization after new
growth appears
Palms
• 2 to 4 pounds of palm fertilizer
• 1 to 3 pounds palms under 8’ tall
• 4x a year
• Broadcast over soil
• Some palm specialists prefer spikes
Fertilizing Trees
Fertilizing tree done for the following reasons
• Correct deficiency
• Newly established trees
• Not when trees are planted
• 1 pound of nitrogen per 1000 square feet
• Twice a year
• 3 years
Mycorrhizae
Beneficial fungi
• Ectomycorrhizae
• Spreads through soil
• Primarily conifers and oaks
• Interconnects forest trees
Mycorrhizae
Beneficial fungi
• Endomycorrhizae
• More common
• Trees, turf, flowers
• Not as extensive