Transcript Pinus pinea
AGEH 27: Evergreen Ornamentals Shasta Campus, City Hall and Cypress Square Arctostaphylos viscida Whitelaf Manzanita Arctostaphylos viscida Whiteleaf Manzanita • Native to California and Oregon • In foothills and conifer forest • Stems of flowers and fruits sticky • Manzanita is Spanish for Little Apple • Native Americans used seeds to make cider Cedrus deodara, Deodar cedar pine family, Pinaceae The species name is derived s from the Sanskrit term devadāru, which means "wood of the gods", a compound of deva (god) and dāru (wood, tree). This tree is sacred to Hindus, and is the national tree of Pakistan. Cedrus deodara, Deodar cedar pine family, Pinaceae • Large tree, native to Himalayas • Needs full sun and moderate water • True cedar: needles sharp, in tufted clusters on short side shoots; cone upright, disintegrates when mature • Droopy leader Cotoneaster horizontalis rockspray cotoneaster rose family, Rosaceae Cotoneaster horizontalis rockspray cotoneaster • Stiff, angular habit • Low to medium ground cover or espalier Cotoneaster horizontalis rockspray cotoneaster • ID: white to pink flowers, red berries, no thorns • ID: small shiny, entire leaves, herringbone pattern of leaves and stiff side branches Cupressus arizonica, Arizona cypress Cypress family, Cupresssaceae Cupressus arizonica, Arizona cypress • Very drought tolerant, but will tolerate moderate water • Reluctant to burn (this is good) • Mass for windbreak or screen • Resists cypress canker • Form ‘Blue Ice’ (shown) and others Eriobotrya japonica, loquat rose family, Rosaceae Eriobotrya japonica, loquat • 15-30 ft high and wide, full sun to part shade, moderate to regular water (more water if growing for fruit) • good in containers or espaliered • subject to fireblight • if planting for fruit, buy a named form, and check to see if a second tree is needed for pollination. Eriobotrya japonica, loquat • ID: leaves rusty-woolly underneath, ovate, toothed, with obvious pinnate veins • Blooms in winter; white flowers in pyramid-shaped clusters, fragrant • Fruit a pome, ripening in spring, apricot-colored Fireblight Bacterial disease affecting pome-producing members of the rose family (apple, pear, loquat, quince, cotoneaster, pyracantha) Shoots blacken and die, appearing burned; appears in moist spring weather. Disinfect pruners after every cut, remove damaged material 8 inches below the blighted tissue. Eucalyptus camuldulensis, red river gum, Myrtaceae Large tree, to 150 ft. tall; adult leaves slender, lance-shaped; “unimportant” pale flowers; “a tree for skylines” In hot years, leaves have “lerp psyllid” insect tents on leaves Parasitoid wasp of red gum lerp psyllid Red gum lerp psyllid Lerp psyllids are small insects that suck sap from leaves; nymphs look like tents, excrete honeydew which makes sooty mold; cause leaf drop; discovered in S. Cal in 1998, attack many eucalypts Parasitoid wasps have been released to control psyllids, so do not spray trees Eucalyptus polyanthemos silver dollar gum myrtle family, Myrtaceae Eucalyptus polyanthemos silver dollar gum myrtle family, Myrtaceae • Juvenile leaves rounder, adult leaves more lanceshaped; susceptible to wind and snow • Leaves one per node (alternate) with a definite petiole (leaf stalk) • Flowers white • Prune if you want juvenile foliage • Bark is fibrous, brown Heteromeles arbutifolia toyon, hollywood rose family (Rosaceae) Heteromeles arbutifolia toyon, hollywood rose family (Rosaceae) • Shrub native to CA, including Redding area—common around Whiskeytown • White flowers, red winter ‘berries’ (actually pomes) • takes part to full shade Heteromeles arbutifolia toyon, hollywood rose family (Rosaceae) • ID: Leaf teeth point out, not forward; not painfully spiny to touch; margins flat, not wavy • White flowers, red winter ‘berries’ (actually little pomes), • Berries in pyramidal, not flattopped clusters Heteromeles arbutifolia toyon, hollywood rose family (Rosaceae) • More ID: medium to large shrubs; branches erect, not arching • New leaf growth not bright red • Ten stamens per flower— photinias have 20 stamens per flower This is the plant that the city of Hollywood was named after Original Sign in 1920’s Sign as it looks today Juniperus procumbens Japanese garden juniper cypress family, Cupressaceae • Low spreading ground cover, blue-green • Leaves are all awlshaped, sharp • procumbens means low, trailing, lying down Mahonia lomariifolia, Chinese barberry barberry family, Berberidaceae Mahonia lomariifolia, Chinese barberry barberry family, Berberidaceae •Native to China, Z 7-9 •Large “architectural” shrub, 6-12 x 6 ft, erect stems branch only slightly •leaves compound, 19-41 very stiff, thick leaflets •flowers midwinter •afternoon shade recommended, regular water M. lomariifolia on left, M. aquifolium on right Pinus sabiniana Gray Pine Pinus sabiniana Gray Pine • 3 needles in a bundle • Native Americans used pine nuts for food • Only known food of the catepillars of the gelechid moth Pinus sabiniana Gray Pine • Found in foothills surrounding the central valley Pinus wallichiana, Himalayan white pine pine family, Pinaceae Pinus wallichiana, Himalayan white pine pine family, Pinaceae • 50-ft. pine from the Himalayas (can reach 150 ft in the wild) • Keeps branches to the ground • 5-needles per bundle • long, soft, droopy needles • cones like a small western white pine— long and narrow Xylosma congesta, xylosma flacourtia family, Flacourtiaceae Xylosma congesta, xylosma • Arborescent • Grown for shiny green foliage • Alternate, ovate to lanceolate, serrate leaves • Dioecious—flowers small, in congested clusters, greenish • Older plants with shaggy gray bark Pinus halepensis, Aleppo pine, pine family, Pinaceae Pinus halepensis, Aleppo pine, pine family, Pinaceae •Mediterranean native, adaptable to poor conditions, “rugged character” •Cone not armed •2 needles per bundle Pinus mugo, Mugho pine, Pine family Pinus mugo, Mugho pine, Pine family • arborescent shrub pine, size varies • 2-needled • cones small, with prickle on each umbo • Native to Alps, Europe Sequoiadendron giganteum Giant sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum giant sequoia • awl-like leaves, • woody cones much larger than coast redwood cones Cycas revoluta, Sago “palm” cycad family, Cycadaceae NOT A PALM, A GYMNOSPERM Sexes on separate plants, making either a pollen cone or seed cone Cycas revoluta, Sago “palm” cycad family, Cycadaceae •Native to Japan, Z 8-24, hardy to 15 degrees, so grow where sheltered or in movable container, too much cold makes speckled foliage •grows very slowly to 10 x10 ft; tough and tolerant, and even good for bonsai •ID: feather leaf very flexible, deep green • Cycads, including Sago “Palm” are extremely poisonous to animals (this includes humans) if ingested. • Pets are at particular risk since they seem to find the plant very palatable. • Clinical symptoms of ingestion will develop within 12 hours and may include vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, seizures, liver failure. • The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center estimates a fatality rate of 50 to 75 percent when ingestion of the Sago Palm is involved. Propagate cycads from pups Cut off or dig pups in late winter Remove leaves and allow to dry Pot in well-draining mix, in a pot that matches size of pup Roots and leaves will take time to grow (18 mos) www.rhapisgardens.com/sagos/ sagopups.htm Feather Palms (pinnately lobed fronds) Phoenix canariensis Canary Island date palm palm family, Arecaceae • Native to Canary Islands • Big, heavy trunked, to 60 ft. • Hardy to 20 degrees, tolerates seacoast conditions where warm enough • Dying in Los Angeles; succumbing to Fusarium wilt, a fungal disease • Brought to California by the Mission Fathers Phoenix canariensis Canary Island date palm palm family, Arecaceae • Fronds deep green with many leaflets • no petiole -spiky leaflets all the way to base of frond • Young fronds very stiff-spiny • Young fronds very stiff-spiny! Fan Palms (palmately lobed fronds) Chamaerops humilis Mediterranean fan palm palm family, Arecaceae Clumping palm, to 20 x 20 ft Survives 0 degrees briefly Use in containers, mass under trees, hedge; takes poor soil and strong winds, regular water Chamaerops humilis, Mediterranean fan palm “piranha teeth” Chamaerops humilis Mediterranean fan palm ID: fan leaves cut at least 2/3 of way to stalk—palmately lobed teeth on frond stalk are long and widelyseparated (piranha teeth) Washingtonia robusta, Mexican fan palm palm family, Arecaceae Washingtonia robusta, Mexican fan palm palm family, Arecaceae • Tall plant, to 100 ft., trunk slim and maybe curved, compact head of foliage, good for large properties, avenues, parkways • Hardy to 20 degrees; damaged in the cold winter, but OK if in ground Washingtonia robusta, Mexican fan palm • ID: Palmate leaf divided about 1/3 to ½ of way to leaf stalk • Leaf stalk heavily toothed, teeth often golden (“shark tooth”) Washingtonia robusta, Mexican fan palm palm family, Arecaceae “ Washingtonia palms are well known for being a large apartment complex for all sorts of vermin from rats and mice, spiders and scorpions and all sorts of birds” Most widely grown palm tree Pinus pinea, Italian stone pine pine family, Pinaceae Pinus pinea, Italian stone pine pine family, Pinaceae Needles in bundles of two, but juvenile foliage on potted Christmas trees Pinus pinea, Italian stone pine pine family, Pinaceae • Thick trunk with umbrella of branches, curved canopy • cone heavy like a stone, with scales round-tipped • tolerates heat and salt, makes pine nuts, good for largish gardens • Pine depicted in Renaissance paintings of Italy Euryops pectinatus, yellow bush daisy, sunflower family, Asteraceae • Native to South Africa • Blooms all winter in warmer microclimates around Redding • Hardy to maybe 16 degrees • Cut back in late spring to keep compact form Euryops pectinatus, yellow bush daisy, sunflower family, Asteraceae • ID: leaf deeply cut—’pectinate’ like a comb • Long-stemmed single yellow daisy heads Cupressus sempervirens, Italian cypress cypress family, Cupressaceae Cupressus sempervirens, Italian cypress cypress family, Cupressaceae Ligstrum japonicum Privet Ligustrum japonicum Privet • Native to Northern China, Korea and Japan • Excellent for hedges, screens and topiary