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AGEH 27: Evergreen Ornamentals Fall 2013, Oct. 31 field trip Shasta College Arboretum &Campus Calocedrus decurrens, incense-cedar long scale-like leaves, duck-bill cones Calocedrus decurrens, incense-cedar flat, erect branches reddish fibrous bark Calocedrus decurrens, incense-cedar Cotoneaster lacteus milkflower cotoneaster rose family, Rosaceae Cotoneaster lacteus, milkflower cotoneaster • graceful arching habit, medium to large shrub • best as informal hedge; can be pruned up into small tree with weeping habit • ID: leaf is spoon-shaped, smooth and shiny above, white and felty beneath Cotoneaster lacteus milkflower cotoneaster • ID: white flowers, red berries, no thorns • ID: leaf is obovate, entire, smooth and shiny above, white and felty beneath Cotoneaster lacteus milkflower cotoneaster • seeds around campus so may become a pest • Naturalized as invasive plant of California coat Juniperus sabina ‘Tamariscifolia’, tam juniper cypress family, Cupressaceae Scale leaves & awl leaves both Branchlets erect Juniperus sabina ‘Tamariscifolia’, tam juniper cypress family, Cupressaceae • V-shape branching; (like muskox horns) • Often have odor of cat urine Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon-grape barberry family, Berberidaceae Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon-grape barberry family, Berberidaceae • Native to California & Pacific NW as forest understory plant • resists oak root fungus, best with partial shade in hottest climates, little water needed Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon-grape barberry family, Berberidaceae • leaves pinnately compound, with 5-9 spiny-margined leaflets, bronzy in winter • yellow flowers in early spring followed by blue grape-like fruits, edible and attractive to birds; Sequoia sempervirens Coast Redwood Coast Redwood linear leaves, small woody cones Sequoia sempervirens, coast redwood Linear or awl-like leaves, small woody cones Baccaris pilularis Coyote Bush Baccaris pilularis Coyote Bush • Native to Northern California • Adapts well to a wide variety of climates • Needs monthly water inland • Low maintenance cover • Shear in early spring before new growth starts Buxus sempervirens English Boxwood Buxus sempervirens English Boxwood • Native to Europe, Africa and Asia • Can be clipped into a classic hedge • Easy to grow • Dies out in alkaline soils Ceanothus species & cultivars, CA wild lilac buckthorn family, Rhamnaceae Ceanothus ‘Frosty Blue’ Ceanothus ‘Concha’ Ceanothus species & cultivars, CA wild lilac buckthorn family, Rhamnaceae • Important group of native California shrubs; most are small-leaved evergreens with fragrant blue flowers • Drought-tolerant; need good drainage--and do not overwater Ceanothus ‘Ray Hartman’ The myth of Ceanothus being short lived is primarily spread by incompetent gardeners that insist on drip irrigation, summer water and soil amendments. California native plants hate all three.—Las Pilitas Nursery webpage http://www.laspilitas.com/groups/ceanothus/california_ceanothus.html Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca Pendula’, Weeping blue Atlas cedar, Pine family True cedars—the genus Cedrus deciduous, upright cones, needles clusters on short side shoots Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca Pendula’, Weeping blue Atlas cedar, Pine family • The true cedars, have needles in tufted clusters(clustered on a short side branch); cones fall apart leaving a spiky core • Native to North Africa • Deep rooted and drought tolerant; branches break in heavy snows • ID: needles under 1 in long, bluish green, many varieties • ‘Glauca Pendula’ a blue, weeping form Cones of true cedars (Cedrus) Female (young, green, on the left) Male (brown, papery, on the right) Mature cones of true cedar • All the cone scales fall off, carrying the seeds away, leaving only the central axis (spike) Choisya ternata, Mexican orange, mock orange, Rutaceae (citrus family) Choisya ternata, Mexican orange, mock orange, Rutaceae (citrus family) •evergreen shrub, •needs afternoon shade, moderate water, hardy to 15 degrees F, •likes acid soil, •cut freely when in bloom to force new growth •Leaf palmately compound Cinnamomon camphora Camphor Tree Cinnamomon camphora Camphor Tree • Native to Asia • Aromatic leaves smell like camphor when crushed • Though evergreen drops leaves in spring, flowers, fruits and twigs later. • Plant where litter is not a problem Cryptomeria japonica, Japanese cryptomeria cypress family (Cupressaceae) Cryptomeria japonica, Japanese cryptomeria cypress family (Cupressaceae) • Resists oak root fungus • National tree of Japan Eucalyptus cinerea silver dollar tree, Argyle apple myrtle family, Myrtaceae cut back to get round juvenile leaves Eucalyptus cinerea silver dollar tree, Argyle apple myrtle family, Myrtaceae Frangula californica Coffeeberry Frangula californica Coffeeberry • Native to California, Oregon and Arizona • Attracts bees • Tolerant of pruning and shaping • Not fussy about soil • Full sun or partial shade • Once established does not need irrigation Gardenia augusta, gardenia coffee family, Rubiaceae •Very fragrant flowers, shiny green leaves •Gardenias in general need afternoon shade in Redding (north or east exposure), • hardy to 20 degrees, but need warm night temps to set flowers (60 degrees F). •Hard to grow in adobe or alkaline soils •Treat chlorosis with Epsom salts Laurus nobilis, sweet bay laurel family, Lauraceae Laurus nobilis, sweet bay laurel family, Lauraceae Mediterranean native broad-based evergreen arborescent shrub likes good drainage good in large pots culinary herb—’bay leaf’ To rest on one's laurels Meaning To be satisfied with one's past success and to consider further effort unnecessary. Origin The laurels that are being referred to are the aromatically scented Laurus nobilis trees or, more specifically, their leaves. A 'laureate' was originally a person crowned with a laurel wreath. We continue to call those who are especially honored ‘laureates’ as in ‘Nobel Laureate’ and ‘Poet Laureate’. Olea europea, olive olive family, Oleaceae •Classic Mediterranean look •If you aren’t going to harvest the fruits, plant a fruitless variety Olea europea, olive olive family, Oleaceae •Opposite, entire, lanceolate leaves, paler underneath •Small fragrant 4-lobed flowers •Fruit is a drupe; edible after curing •Trees will live a very long time Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, pine family • Large tree, 3-needled, prickly cone, jigsaw puzzle bark • “Prickly ponderosa and gentle Jeffrey” • Best native pine for valley and foothill gardens (tolerates water) Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, pine family Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, pine family Jigsaw puzzle bark Pinus sylvestris Scot’s or Scotch pine pine family, Pinaceae Pinus sylvestris Scot’s or Scotch pine pine family, Pinaceae 2 needles, cone points back toward trunk; tough, even without water; picturesque, with red coloring along underside of trunk; used as Christmas tree Pinus thunbergii, Japanese black pine, Pine family, Pinaceae Pinus thunbergii, Japanese black pine, Pine family, Pinaceae • 2-needled pine, irregular overall shape, needs water here • Often used in Japanese gardens (many special forms), can be sheared, trained, used for bonsai Pinus thunbergii, Japanese black pine • ID: middle-sized cone unarmed (no prickle on umbo), with “pressed glass” diamond pattern on tips of cone scales • 2 needles per bundle Training Japanese black pine: candles To train: Control size by cutting “candles” in spring Use weights or heavy wire to shape branch structure http://botanysaurus.com/jg/pinecare.html http://www.evergreengardenworks.com/pines. htm Prunus laurocerasus, cherry laurel, rose family, Rosaceae Prunus laurocerasus, cherry laurel, rose family, Rosaceae • native to S. Europe • alternate, leathery, glossy green leaves • needs shade here, little water once established, • make selective cuts to prune • Vigorous--a pest in Pacific NW Raphiolepis indica, India hawthorn rose family , Rosaceae Raphiolepis indica, India hawthorn genus sometimes spelled “Rhaphiolepis” • ID: no thorns • Leaves finely serrate, ovate • Flowers & fruits in flattopped or rounded clusters; flowers white to pink • Fruit a BLUE-PURPLE pome Raphiolepis indica, India hawthorn rose family , Rosaceae Usually grown as low hedge or specimen shrub but sometimes bigger Umbellularia californica California Bay Distribution of Umbellularia californica Umbellularia californica California Bay • Leaves can be substituted for Sweet Bay • Grows best and fastest in deep soils with regular water • Often afflicted with sooty mold resulting from scale or aphid infestation • Main host of Phytophthora ramorum, the fungus that causes Sudden Oak Death • In infected area, growing CA Bay within 35 feet of oaks will likely result in their infection and death • Do not transport wood from infected area to other areas of the state