Transcript Forestry
Forests & Forestry Chapter 1 Forestry Definition • The art and science of managing forests to have a continuous high quality and quantity forest products and services. • Lets get the best out of the resources we have while managing social, economic, and environmental concerns. Single vs. Multiple Use Forest • Single use forests are managed for one purpose. Examples: timber, watersheds, wildlife habitat, recreation, erosion control, etc. • Multiple use forests are managed for more than one purpose Forestry Schools • Cornell University started Forestry in 1898 • 48 accredited institutions in the U.S. • Wanakena Ranger School • Paul Smith University Rising Demand for Wood • 1940 the nation supplied all its wood • In 2000, the U.S. imports 4.2 billion cubic feet; roughly 23% of the U.S. production • 2014 statistics: – – – – 9,200 logging camps 1,200 sawmills 450 plywood plants 35 pulp mills • Timberland are those forest lands capable of producing wood in excess of 20 cubic feet/acre/year. • 540 million acres of timberland • Timberlands are producing ½ of their potential • 7% makes up reserved forest land • 25% of forest land does not make timberland Region Compared to Total Total North South Rocky Mtns Pacific Coast Acres (x1000) 2,263,278 18% 24% 33% 25% Forest Acres 503,664 (22%) 32% 40% 14% 14% Timberland Ownership Private North 71% South 71% Rocky Mtns. 26% Pacific Coast 10% Industrial Nat. For. 9% 6% 18% 6% 4% 61% 17% 44% Distribution of forest types in the southern states Definitions • Pulpwood is wood cut or prepared primarily for manufacture into wood pulp, for subsequent manufacture • Pulp is Mechanically ground or chemically digested wood used in the manufacture of paper and allied products. Bleached pulp is used for rayon and other chemical uses. Definitions • Softwood – Conifers – Trees that have leaves in the form of needles (usually retains leaves in the winter) • Hardwood – Deciduous – Trees that have broad leaves (usually loses leaves in the winter) Definitions • Veneer – A thin sheet of wood cut – Used to cover lower grade lumber – Generally expensive • The South supports – 40% of the nation’s timberland – 1/3 of the US population – 5,000 primary wood industries – 84% of softwood pulpwood – 53% of softwood sawlogs – 65% of softwood veneer – 68% of hardwood pulpwood – 50% of hardwood sawlogs – 56% of hardwood veneer – 58% of all raw products produced Beneficial Influences of Trees • • • • • Influence on Climate Control of Runoff Retention of Snow Melt Environment for Fish Flood Retention and Water Flow • Wildlife & Songbird Habitat • Prevention of Soil & Wind Erosion • Removal of Gas Pollutants & Particulates Economic Value of Forests • Products derived from trees make money through: – – – – – – Structures Paper Sports Equipment Furniture Fuel Maple Sugar Forestry in the US • 1625 first sawmill (Jamestown, VA) • 1803 first steam-powered circular saw • Peaked in 1909 with: – 46 billion bf – 50,000 mills – ½ million workers Federal Forestry • 1799 $200,000 to buy reserves of live oak in South Carolina and Georgia • 1881 Division of Forestry in Dept. of Agriculture • 1901 Bureau of Forestry (1905 Forest Service) State Forestry • 1885 California, Colorado, Ohio, and New York established the first forestry agencies. • 1911 Weeks Law. $ to state for forestry fire prevention • 1937 Cooperative Farm Forestry Act (1950 Cooperative Forest Management Act) • 1973 Forest Incentive Program for tree planting and forest management with small forest-land owners. Forest Practice Laws • Most laws were generated to preserve ship making materials • Most forest regulations started less than 30 years ago • 1972 EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) was established – All forest management activities are under the term “silviculture” Urban Forestry • Benefits – Economic – cooling (air, pavement, buildings), Reducing glare, wind (snow drifting, storms) – Environmental – shading and better water retention, – Wildlife – pleasing plus allows a place for wildlife – Aesthetic/Social – increases land value and tourism • Detriments – Damage – down trees/limbs – Fall Foliage – removal of leaves – Removal Expenses – old trees and replacement costs The End