Transcript 1 Hour Master Gardener Intro to Nature`s Notebook

A project of the USA-NPN
The rhythm of seasonal change
Contribute gardening observations for research
LoriAnne Barnett
Education Coordinator
PHENOLOGY
phRenology
phOnology –
– a pseudoscience
focused on
measurements of the
human skull and size
of the brain
a branch of linguistics
concerned with the
organization of
sounds in
language
Just to be clear…
What is phenology?
The science of the seasons
• Blooms and buds
• Hibernation, migration,
emergence
• Easy to observe
Photo credit: P. Warren
…it is the study of the timing of
recurring plant and animal lifecycle stages, or phenophases,
and their relationship to
environmental conditions.
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Observable life cycle events or
PHENOPHASES
Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
Who observes phenology?
Photo credit: P. Warren
• Scientists
• Gardeners/Agriculturists
• Land managers
• Educators
• Youth
Photo credit: S. Schaffer
Photo credit: C. Enquist
The Master Gardeners are a group of volunteers
providing leadership and guidance to the community in
home gardening and landscaping.
Phenology research at the Extension Office can help you make informed
recommendations, provide area-specific information about bloom times
and year to year variations, and accurate species information.
DISCUSS
Identify local seasonal indicators.
When do we expect to see them appear?
Has that changed at all through time?
Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons
RECORD KEEPING
Photo credit: Monticello
Garden re-created
Cloned lilac program
Photo credit: L. Barnett
HISTORIC LILAC
NETWORK
Photo credit: L. Barnett
ESTABLISHED IN THE
1950S
SANTA RITA
EXPERIMENTAL RANGE,
GREEN VALLEY, AZ
David Bertelsen,
Naturalist
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Collected by a single individual
1984-present
1480+ round-trip hikes (10 miles), 4158’ elevation gain
Approximately weekly
587 flowering plant taxa (group of species)
155K+ records of plant flowering.
73,000 vertebrate records
Photo credit: B. Wilder
Finger Rock – Santa Catalina Mtns,
Tucson
Finger Rock Trail,
Santa
Catalina
Mtns
What’s
Phenology
Tucson, AZ
Finger Rock Trail,
Santa Catalina Mtns
Tucson, AZ
7,258’
Mile 5 – Oak-pine woodland,
pine forest
6,360’
5,480’
4,500’
3,540’
Mile 4 – Oak-pine woodland,
pine forest
Mile 3 – Scrub grassland,
oak woodland,
oak pine woodland
Mile 2 – Desert scrub, scrub grassland
Mile 1 – Desert scrub, riparian
3,100’
Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel
Observing the same individual through the seasons
EARTH’S SYSTEMS
Climate is what you expect…
-Mark Twain
Climate
Long-term average
of daily
weather in a given
area.
It is about…
…time
Weather
Day-to-day changes in the
Earth’s atmosphere.
Annual average MINIMUM temperatures – 30 years
http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/phzmweb/
Sunset Climate Zones for the West
Also account for:
• Latitude
• Hills and Valleys
• Elevation
• Ocean influence (humidity)
• Continental air
• Precipitation
• Microclimates
ZONE 3A: Mild areas of mountain and intermountain climates
East of the Sierra and Cascade ranges, you can hardly find a better gardening
climate than Zone 3a.Winter minimum temperatures average from 15 to 25°F
(–9 to –4°C), with extremes between –8 and –18°F (–22 and –28°C). Its frostfree growing season runs from 150 to 186 days. The zone tends to occur at
lower elevations in the northern states (eastern Oregon and Washington as
well as Idaho), but at higher elevations as you move south crossing Utah’s
Great Salt Lake and into northern New Mexico and Arizona. Fruits and
vegetables that thrive in long, warm summers, such as melons, gourds, and
corn, tend to do well here. This is another great zone for all kinds of deciduous
fruit trees and ornamental trees and shrubs. Just keep them well watered.
www.sunset.com/garden/climate-zones/
Elevation-Veg-Climate gradient
800 mm
Mile 4
Mile 3
Mile 2
Oak-pine
woodland
Oak woodland
Scrub grassland
Mile 1
Annual Average Temperature
Pine
forest
Annual Average Precipitation
Mile 5
10 ºC
Desert scrub
300 mm
20 ºC
Life Zones
http://alliance.la.asu.edu/maps/AZ_biomes_web.pdf
USA-NPN
Primary goal
• Create a standardized, longterm dataset for use in
multiple types of research.
UNDERSTAND HOW SPECIES
AND LANDSCAPES ARE
RESPONDING TO CLIMATE
CHANGE.
Mission
• Make phenology data, models
and related information
available.
• Encourage people of all ages
and backgrounds to observe
and record phenology.
Photo credit: C. Enquist
Photo credit: L. Romano
•
•
•
•
•
~4,500 active observers
~7,000 active sites
4.6M+ records
Lilac data from 1956
Many taxa from 2009
ANIMAL
Activity
Reproduction
 Active
individuals
 Feeding
 Male combat
 Mating
PLANT
Leaves
 Young leaves
 Leaves
 Colored
leaves
Development
 Young
individuals
 Dead
individuals
Method
 Individuals
at a
feeding
station
PHENOPHASES
Flowers
 Flowers or
flower buds
 Open
flowers
Fruits
 Ripe fruits
 Recent
seed or
fruit drop
…How Many?
Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
Gambel Oak
Breaking leaf
buds
Leaves
Increasing leaf size
Colored leaves
Flowers or Flower Buds
Open Flowers
Fruits
Ripe Fruits
Recent fruit or
seed drop
DECIDUOUS PLANT PHENOPHASES
Enter Observations Online
Photo credit: S. Schaffer
You MUST have your
account completely set
up online first to use the
mobile apps!
DATA DOWNLOAD
Red maple (Acer rubrum) in 2013
collected via Nature’s Notebook
http://www.usanpn.org/data/visualizations
DATA DOWNLOAD
https://www.usanpn.org/results/data
Flowering range changes…
6000
6000
5000
5000
4000
4000
3000
3000
6000
6000
5000
5000
4000
4000
3000
3000
6000
6000
5000
5000
4000
4000
3000
3000
26% show change
12 species exhibited
flowering range shift
upslope
34 species exhibited
flowering range
expansion upslope
23 species exhibited
flowering range
contraction upslope
Crimmins et al. (2009) Global Change Biology
DISCUSS
How can PHENOLOGY be
applied to the
Master Gardener Program?
CENTRAL ARIZONA
PHENOLOGY TRAIL
James 4-H Camp on Mingus Mountain
Highlands Center for Natural History
Community Nature Center of Prescott
Walnut Creek Center for Ed and Research
Prescott Creeks/Watson Woods
Natural History Institute at Prescott College
~ ----------- ~
Master Gardener Demonstration Gardens?
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Central Arizona Contacts
Suzette Russi
[email protected]
Edessa Carr
[email protected]
Photo credit: L. Barnett
Connect with USA-NPN…
• Sign up for a phenology
quarterly e-newsletter
• Become an observer
• Discover new tools and
resources
www.facebook.com/USANPN
www.pinterest.com/USANPN
www.twitter.com/@loriannebarnett
LoriAnne Barnett
[email protected]