Transcript Scientific Identification of Plants

Scientific Identification &
Classification
Applied plant sciences
• Biology – the study of both plants and animals
• Forestry – growing trees for lumber pr
plywood
• Horticulture – plants grown for food or
beautification
• Agronomy – the study of soild and how plants
are grown in them
• The way to distinguish among the applied
sciences is the purpose for which plants are
grown
Plant Parts
• Leaves
• Stems
• Roots
• Flowers
Leaves-External
• Petiole-leaf stalk or part that
connects the leaf to the stem
• Blade-the large, flat part of the
leaf
• Midrib-the large center vein
• Veins-the structural framework of
the leaf
• Margin-the edge of the leaf
Leaves-External
Leaf Retention
• Evergreen-Leaves stay on the
plant all year long
• Deciduous-Leaves will fall off
during the dormant periods
• Herbaceous-leaves and stems die
back at the end of the season
Leaf Type
Leaf Type
Leaf Shapes
Cordate
Lanceolate
Elliptical
Spatulate
Ovate
Liner
Deltoid
Leaf Margin
Leaf Arrangement
Alternate
Opposite
Whorled
Vein Pattern
Functions of the leaf
• Photosynthesis
- process by which plants collect
sunlight and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into food.
• Respiration – converts sugars and starches into energy.
• Transpiration - the release of water vapor from the
leaves of the plants. It also cools the plant.
Stems
• Movement of Materials
• Support of the leaves and
reproductive structures
• Food storages
• Reproduction with stem cuttings or
grafting
Stems-External
• Lenticels
- breathing pores
found on stems and branches
• Bud scale scarsindicate where terminal buds have been
• Leaf Scars- indicate where
leaves have been attached
• Terminal bud- bud on the
end of the stem
• Axillary or lateral bud
Axillary bud is located at the axil of the leaf, lateral bud
is located on the sides of stems.
Thorns & Prickles
Thorn
Prickle
Modified Stems
Stolon
Cladophyll
Tuber
Root Functions
• Anchor the plant and hold it
upright
• Absorb water and minerals from
the soil and conduct them to the
stem
• Store large quantities of plant food
• Propagate or reproduce some
plants
Roots-External
• Root cap-indicates growth of new
cells
• Root hairs-absorb moisture
(water) and minerals
Root
images
from a rice
plant
Root Types
Fibrous
Roots
Tap Root
Layers of Roots
• Fibrous-many branched shallow
roots
– are easier to transplant
• Tap-long root with few branched
ones
– more difficult to transplant
Flowers
• Sepals-Green parts that cover and
protect flower bud before it opens
• Petals-are really leaves that are
modified to attract insects for
flower pollination, the pretty part
that we call flowers
• Stamen-male part of the flower
• Pistil-female part of the flower
Flowers
Parts of the Stamen
• Filament-short stalk that
holds up the anther
• Anther-a sac-like structure
that contains pollen, the
male sex cells
Parts of the Pistil
• Stigma-sticky part on top of style
where insects leave pollen
• Style-holds up the stigma and
connects it to the ovary
• Ovary-if fertilized becomes a fruit
or seed coat
• Ovules-the eggs or female sex
cells that become seeds if fertilized
Complete-vs-Incomplete
• Complete flowers have both male
and female parts
• Incomplete flowers have only male
or female parts
Monoeciuos
• All male or all female flowers on
plant
• Examples: Hollies or Ginkgo
Male
Female
Dioecious
• Male and female, imperfect flowers
on same plant
• Examples: Squash & Pumpkin
Flower Types
Spike
Corymbs
Panicle
Flower Types
Umbel
Head
Plant Parts-Fruit
• Cones
• Nut (acorn)
• Clusters or drupes (raspberry)
• Capsules (willow)
• Samara (maple)
Fruits and Nuts
Acorns
Cones
Cluster
Drupe
Fruits and Nuts
Capsule
Pome
Samara
Life Cycle
• Annual-a plant that lives for only 1
year or less
• Biennial-a plant that lives for 2
years, usually flowering in the
second year
• Perennial-a plant that lives for
more than 2 years
Growth Habits
• Trees: greater than 12 feet tall
• Shrubs: less than 12 feet tall
• Vines: a plant that climbs &
spreads
Growth Habits
• House Plant: plant grown indoors
• Bedding Plant: a plant used in
flowering beds
Forms of Plants:
Growth Pattern
Spreading
Columnar
Weeping
Growth Forms
Round
Oval
Pyramidal